Mecca
An Mecca (kaluwas /ˈmɛkə/), ginsusurat gihapon nga Makkah (Iningles: /ˈmækə/; Inarabo: مكة Makkah ngan ha kabug-osan: Inarabo: مكّة المكرمة gintransliterar nga Makkah Al Mukarramah [mækːæt ælmukarːamæ]) amo in usa ka syudad ha Arabya Saudi, ngan an gibabaraani nga kirigtaan nga lugar han Islam, nga dukot nga ginsusundan han Medina.[1][2][3]
Mecca مكّة المكرمة | |
|---|---|
|
Syudad han Makkah Makkah Al Mukarramah | |
 Masjid al-Haram ngan an sentro han Mecca | |
| (Mga) Agnay: Umm Al Qura (Iroy han mga baryo) | |
| Nasod |
 Saudi Arabia |
| Lalawigan | Lalawigan han Makkah |
| Pagtukod han Kaaba | +2000 BC |
| Gintukod | Ibrahim |
| Binmulig Arabya Saudi | 1924 |
| Kagamhanan | |
| • Alkalde | Osama Al-Bar |
| • Gobernador han lalawigan | Khalid al Faisal |
| LangyabMecca Municipality | |
| • Urban | 850 km2 (330 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,200 km2 (500 sq mi) |
| Molupyo (2007) | |
| • City | 1,700,000 |
| • Densidad | 4,200/km2 (2,625/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,053,912 |
| • Metro | 2,500,000 |
| Mecca Municipality estimate | |
| Zona hin oras | AST (UTC+3) |
| • Summer (DST) | AST (UTC+3) |
| Postal Code | (5 digits) |
| (Mga) kodigo hin pagtawag | +966-2 |
| Websayt | Mecca Municipality |
Mga bugto nga syudad
igliwat
Pinanbasaran
igliwat- ↑ Peters, Francis E. (1994). The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places. Princeton University Press. p. 206. ISBN 0-691-02619-X.
- ↑ Hoyle, Ben. "British architects to change the face of Mecca," The Times. November 29, 2008.
- ↑ Fattah, Hassan M.Islamic Pilgrims Bring Cosmopolitan Air to Unlikely City, New York Times. January 20, 2005.
Mga reperensya
igliwat- the editors of Time-Life Books. (1999). What life was like in the lands of the prophet: Islamic world, AD 570 – 1405. Time-Life Books. ISBN 0-7835-5465-6. https://archive.org/details/whatlifewaslikei0000unse.
- Lapidus, Ira M. (1988). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22552-3. https://archive.org/details/historyofislamic0000lapi.
Padugang nga barasahon
igliwat- Naimantala han ika-19 gatostuig
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Mecca", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- Josiah Conder (1834), "Mecca", Dictionary of Geography, London: T. Tegg
- Burton, Richard Francis (1855) (Text file). Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah — Volume 1. 2. 1 (Memorial ed.). Tylston and Edwards. http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4657. Ginkuhà 2008-10-22.
- Burton, Richard Francis (1855) (Text file). Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah — Volume 2. 2. 2 (Memorial ed.). Tylston and Edwards. http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4658. Ginkuhà 2008-10-22.
- Edward Balfour (1885), "Mecca", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch
- Naimantala han ika-20 gatostuig
- "Mecca", The Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- Rosenthal, Franz; Ibn Khaldun (1967). The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09797-6.
- Naimantala han ika-21 gatostuig
- Stefano Bianca (2000), "Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam – The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change", Urban Form in the Arab World, Zurich: ETH Zurich, ISBN, 0500282056
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Mecca". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.
- "Quraysh". Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia (online). 2007. Ginkuhà 2007-02-19.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Makkah", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
- Watt, W. Montgomery. "Makka – The pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. June 6, 2008
- Winder, R.B. "Makka – The Modern City." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. June 6, 2008
Mga sumpay ha gawas
igliwat| Dugang nga pamiling mahitungod han Mecca ha kanan Wikipedia mga bugto nga proyekto: | |
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Mga kasirigngon tikang ha Wiktionary |
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Sarigan nga basahon tikang ha Wikibooks |
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Mga hulád tikang ha Wikiquote |
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Gintikangan nga mga kasuratan tikang ha Wikisource |
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Mga imahe ngan medya tikang ha Commons |
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Mga sumat notisya tikang ha Wikinews |
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Pagkukuhaan hin pagtuon tikang ha Wikiversity |
- Holy Mecca Municipality Ginhipos 2013-08-05 han Wayback Machine Official website (in Arabic)
- Makkah Live 24/7 Ginhipos 2014-08-29 han Wayback Machine
- Saudi Information Resource – Holy Mecca Ginhipos 2006-08-21 han Wayback Machine
- Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and Meccah, by Richard Burton Ginhipos 2008-12-01 han Wayback Machine
- ArchNet.org. "Mecca". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2008-09-29. Ginkuhà 2015-01-27.