Alemanya Nazi
An Alemanya (nga) Nazi o kundi man Nazi nga Alemanya amo an impormal nga ngaran nga ginhatag ha Alemanya han 1933 ngadto ha 1945. Amo ini an panahon nga kan Adolf Hitler partido Nazi amo an nagkakapot ha Alemanya.
Aleman nga Reich | ||||||
Deutsches Reich (1933–1943) Großdeutsches Reich (1943–1945) | ||||||
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Anthem
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Europe at the height of Axis success (1941–1942)
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Capital | Berlin | |||||
Languages | Inaleman | |||||
Government | Nazi single-party state Totalitarian dictatorship | |||||
President / Führer | ||||||
- | 1933–1934 | Paul von Hindenburg | ||||
- | 1934–1945 | Adolf Hitler[lower-alpha 2] | ||||
- | 1945 | Karl Dönitz | ||||
Chancellor | ||||||
- | 1933–1945 | Adolf Hitler | ||||
- | 1945 | Joseph Goebbels | ||||
- | 1945 (as leading minister) | Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk | ||||
Legislature | Reichstag | |||||
- | State council | Reichsrat | ||||
Historical era | Interwar period/Ikaduha nga Gera han Kalibotan | |||||
- | Machtergreifung | 30 Enero 1933 | ||||
- | Gleichschaltung | 27 Pebrero 1933 | ||||
- | Anschluss | 12 Marso 1938 | ||||
- | Ikaduha nga Gera han Kalibotan | 1 Septyembre 1939 | ||||
- | Kamatayan ni Adolf Hitler | 30 Abril 1945 | ||||
- | Surrender of Germany | 8 Mayo 1945 | ||||
Area | ||||||
- | 1939 [lower-alpha 3] | 633,786 km² (244,706 sq mi) | ||||
Population | ||||||
- | 1939 est.[1] | 69,314,000 | ||||
Density | 109.4 /km² (283.3 /sq mi) | |||||
Currency | Reichsmark (ℛℳ) | |||||
Today part of | Austria Czech Republic Germany Poland Russia | |||||
Warning: Value specified for "continent" does not comply |
Kasaysayan
igliwatGintikangan
igliwatNagkuri oraora an ekonomiya han Alemanya kahuman san World War I, tungod san san maga baraydan sini sa reparations na kinahanglan nira bayaran sigun san 1919 Treaty of Versailles. Nag-imprinta an gobyerno sin kwarta pambayad sa kanra war debt na nagresulta san hyperinflation ngan ginsundan naman san paghitaas san mga presyo san mga paraliton, economic chaos, ngan mga food riots.[2] San wara pakabayad an gobyerno san reparations sadton Enero 1923, Gin-okupahan san mga Pranses na sundalo an mga industrial na lugar san Alemanya sa ligid san Ruhr. Nagresulta ini san darako na civil unrest.[3]
Pinanbasaran
igliwat- ↑ Statistisches Jahrbuch 2006, p. 34.
- ↑ Evans 2003, p. 103–108.
- ↑ Evans 2003, pp. 186–187.
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Dugang nga barasahon
igliwat- "Introduction to the Holocaust". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Ginkuhà 12 Mayo 2013.
- Price, Alfred (2003). Targeting the Reich: Allied Photographic Reconnaissance over Europe, 1939–1945. London: Military Book Club. ISBN 0-7394-3496-9. https://archive.org/details/targetingreichal0000dral.
- Tooze, Adam (2006). The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy. London; New York: Allen Lane.
- Uekötter, Frank (2006). The Green and the Brown: A History of Conservation in Nazi Germany. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84819-0.
- Uekötter, Frank (2005). "Polycentrism in Full Swing: Air Pollution Control in Nazi Germany". In Brüggemeier, Franz-Josef; Cioc, Mark; Zeller, Thomas. How Green Were the Nazis?: Nature, Environment, and Nation in the Third Reich. Athens: Ohio University Press.
- Umbreit, Hans (2003). "Hitler's Europe: The German Sphere of Power". In Kroener, Bernhard; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans. Germany and the Second World War, Vol. 5. Organization and Mobilization in the German Sphere of Power. Part 2: Wartime Administration, Economy, and Manpower Resources, 1942–1944/5. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-820873-0.
- van Wie, Paul D. (1999). Image, History and Politics: The Coinage of Modern Europe. Lanham, Md: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-1221-0.
- Weale, Adrian (2010). Army of Evil: A History of the SS. New York; Toronto: Penguin Group. ISBN 978-0-451-23791-0.
- Wedekind, Michael (2005). "The Sword of Science: German Scholars and National Socialist Annexation Policies in Slovenia and Northern Italy". In Haar, Ingo; Fahlbusch, Michael. German Scholars and Ethnic Cleansing (1920–1945). New York: Berghahn. ISBN 978-1-57181-435-7.
- Wirtschaft und Statistik (ha German). Wiesbaden: Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. Oktubre 1956. Missing or empty
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(help) - Zeitlin, Jonathan (1955). "Flexibility and Mass Production at War: Aircraft Manufacture in Britain, the United States, and Germany, 1939–1945". Technology and Culture. 36 (1): 46–79. doi:10.2307/3106341. JSTOR 3106341.
Mga sumpay ha gawas
igliwatDugang nga pamiling mahitungod han Germany ha kanan Wikipedia mga bugto nga proyekto: | |
Mga kasirigngon tikang ha Wiktionary | |
Sarigan nga basahon tikang ha Wikibooks | |
Mga hulád tikang ha Wikiquote | |
Gintikangan nga mga kasuratan tikang ha Wikisource | |
Mga imahe ngan medya tikang ha Commons | |
Mga sumat notisya tikang ha Wikinews | |
Pagkukuhaan hin pagtuon tikang ha Wikiversity |
- Wikimedia Atlas han Germany
- Third Reich in Ruins (Photos)
- Lebendiges Museum Online Ginhipos 3 Agosto 2014 han Wayback Machine (Inaleman)
- Nazi Propaganda: 1933–1945 (Ininggles)
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