↑Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
↑Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
↑Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. (1999) , The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals
↑Rice, Dale W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution, Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4
↑Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
↑Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
↑Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
↑Domning, Daryl P. (2005) Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. VII. Pleistocene Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 25, no. 3
↑ (2007) , website, 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
↑ (2001) , website, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Program