- ↑ database, NODC Taxonomic Code, 1996
- ↑ Checklist of CITES Species Part 1 CITES species index, 2011
- ↑ database, The PLANTS Database, 2000
- ↑ database, The PLANTS Database, 1996
- ↑ U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1979Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination That the Purple-Spined Hedgehog Cactus and Wright Fishhook Cactus Are Endangered Species Federal Register, vol. 44, no. 198
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed) (2014). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Ginkuhà 26 Mayo 2014.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ↑ (Canada);http://siit.conabio.gob.mx (Mexico) ITIS Global: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System