Pi

An pi o π amo an sukol matematika, nga makukuha tikang ha ratio han sirkumperensiya ngadto ha diyametro han usa ka lidong. An balor hini amo hapit ha numero ihap 3.14159.

Kun 1 an diyametro han lidong, an balor han sirkumperensiya amo an π

Mga pabaro

Pinanbasaran

Mga reperensya

• Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. http://books.google.com/?id=QwwcmweJCDQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Ginkuhà 2013-06-05.  English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
• Ayers, Frank (1964). Calculus. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-070-02653-7. 
• Berggren, Lennart; Borwein, Jonathan; Borwein, Peter (1997). Pi: a Source Book. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-20571-7. 
• Beckmann, Peter (1989) [1974]. History of Pi. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-88029-418-8. https://archive.org/details/historyofpisymbo00beck. 
• Borwein, Jonathan; Borwein, Peter (1987). Pi and the AGM: a Study in Analytic Number Theory and Computational Complexity. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-31515-5. 
• Boyer, Carl B.; Merzbach, Uta C. (1991). A History of Mathematics (2 ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8. https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema00boye. 
• Bronshteĭn, Ilia; Semendiaev, K. A. (1971). A Guide Book to Mathematics. H. Deutsch. ISBN 978-3-871-44095-3. 
• Eymard, Pierre; Lafon, Jean Pierre (1999). The Number Pi. American Mathematical Society. ISBN 978-0-8218-3246-2. , English translation by Stephen Wilson.
• Joseph, George Gheverghese (1991). The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13526-7. http://books.google.com/?id=c-xT0KNJp0cC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false%7C. Ginkuhà 2013-06-05. 
• Posamentier, Alfred S.; Lehmann, Ingmar (2004). Pi: A Biography of the World's Most Mysterious Number. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-200-8. https://archive.org/details/pi00alfr_0. 
• Reitwiesner, George (1950). "An ENIAC Determination of pi and e to 2000 Decimal Places". Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation. 4 (29): 11–15. doi:10.2307/2002695.
• Roy, Ranjan (1990). "The Discovery of the Series Formula for pi by Leibniz, Gregory, and Nilakantha". Mathematics Magazine. 63 (5): 291–306. doi:10.2307/2690896.
• Schepler, H. C. (1950). "The Chronology of Pi". Mathematics Magazine. Mathematical Association of America. 23 (3): 165–170 (Jan/Feb), 216–228 (Mar/Apr), and 279–283 (May/Jun). doi:10.2307/3029284.. issue 3 Jan/Feb, issue 4 Mar/Apr, issue 5 May/Jun

Padugang nga barasahon

• Blatner, David (1999). The Joy of Pi. Walker & Company. ISBN 978-0-8027-7562-7. 
• Borwein, Jonathan and Borwein, Peter, "The Arithmetic-Geometric Mean and Fast Computation of Elementary Functions", SIAM Review, 26(1984) 351–365
• Borwein, Jonathan, Borwein, Peter, and Bailey, David H., Ramanujan, Modular Equations, and Approximations to Pi or How to Compute One Billion Digits of Pi", The American Mathematical Monthly, 96(1989) 201–219
• Chudnovsky, David V. and Chudnovsky, Gregory V., "Approximations and Complex Multiplication According to Ramanujan", in Ramanujan Revisited (G.E. Andrews et al. Eds), Academic Press, 1988, pp 375–396, 468–472
• Cox, David A., "The Arithmetic-Geometric Mean of Gauss", L' Ensignement Mathematique, 30(1984) 275–330
• Delahaye, Jean-Paul, "Le Fascinant Nombre Pi", Paris: Bibliothèque Pour la Science (1997) ISBN 2902918259
• Engels, Hermann, "Quadrature of the Circle in Ancient Egypt", Historia Mathematica 4(1977) 137–140
• Euler, Leonhard, "On the Use of the Discovered Fractions to Sum Infinite Series", in Introduction to Analysis of the Infinite. Book I, translated from the Latin by J. D. Blanton, Springer-Verlag, 1964, pp 137–153
• Heath, T. L., The Works of Archimedes, Cambridge, 1897; reprinted in The Works of Archimedes with The Method of Archimedes, Dover, 1953, pp 91–98
• Huygens, Christiaan, "De Circuli Magnitudine Inventa", Christiani Hugenii Opera Varia I, Leiden 1724, pp 384–388
• Lay-Yong, Lam and Tian-Se, Ang, "Circle Measurements in Ancient China", Historia Mathematica 13(1986) 325–340
• Lindemann, Ferdinand, "Ueber die Zahl pi" Ginhipos 2015-01-22 han Wayback Machine, Mathematische Annalen 20(1882) 213–225
• Matar, K. Mukunda, and Rajagonal, C., "On the Hindu Quadrature of the Circle" (Appendix by K. Balagangadharan). Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 20(1944) 77–82
• Niven, Ivan, "A Simple Proof that pi Is Irrational", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 53:7 (July 1947), 507
• Ramanujan, Srinivasa, "Modular Equations and Approximations to π", Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, XLV, 1914, 350–372. Reprinted in G.H. Hardy, P.V. Seshu Aiyar, and B. M. Wilson (eds), Srinivasa Ramanujan: Collected Papers, 1927 (reprinted 2000), pp 23–29
• Shanks, William, Contributions to Mathematics Batakan:Sic Chiefly of the Rectification of the Circle to 607 Places of Decimals, 1853, pp. i–xvi, 10
• Shanks, Daniel and Wrench, John William, "Calculation of pi to 100,000 Decimals", Mathematics of Computation 16(1962) 76–99
• Tropfke, Johannes, Geschichte Der Elementar-Mathematik in Systematischer Darstellung (The history of elementary mathematics), BiblioBazaar, 2009 (reprint), ISBN 978-1-113-08573-3
• Viete, Francois, Variorum de Rebus Mathematicis Reponsorum Liber VII. F. Viete, Opera Mathematica (reprint), Georg Olms Verlag, 1970, pp 398–401, 436–446
• Wagon, Stan, "Is Pi Normal?", The Mathematical Intelligencer, 7:3(1985) 65–67
• Wallis, John, Arithmetica Infinitorum, sive Nova Methodus Inquirendi in Curvilineorum Quadratum, aliaque difficiliora Matheseos Problemata, Oxford 1655–6. Reprinted in vol. 1 (pp 357–478) of Opera Mathematica, Oxford 1693
• Zebrowski, Ernest, A History of the Circle: Mathematical Reasoning and the Physical Universe, Rutgers University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-8135-2898-4

Mga sumpay ha gawas

• Digits of Pi ngada ha Open Directory Project
• "Pi" at Wolfram Mathworld
• Representations of Pi at Wolfram Alpha
• Pi Search Engine: 2 billion searchable digits of π, √2, and e
• Eaves, Laurence (2009). "π – Pi". Sixty Symbols. Brady Haran for the University of Nottingham.
• Grime, Dr. James (2014). "Pi is Beautiful – Numberphile". Numberphile. Brady Haran.