An pagkakaiba han mga rebisyon han "Intelihensya artipisyal"
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Bagis 1:
An '''intelihensya artipisyal''' in kabaltok han mga makina, ngan sanga han syensa kompyuter nga may panuyuan maghimo hini.
==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}
== Mga reperensya ==
=== Mga textbook parte hit AI ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Hutter |first=Marcus |author-link=Marcus Hutter |year=2005
| title=[[AIXI|Universal Artificial Intelligence]]
| isbn=978-3-540-22139-5
| publisher=Springer
| location=Berlin
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last1=Luger |first1=George |author-link=George Luger
| last2=Stubblefield |first2=William |author2-link=William Stubblefield
| year=2004
| title=Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving
| publisher=Benjamin/Cummings |edition=5th
| isbn=0-8053-4780-1
| url=http://www.cs.unm.edu/~luger/ai-final/tocfull.html
}}
* {{cite book
| last=Neapolitan |first=Richard |last2=Jiang |first2=Xia |year=2012
| title=Contemporary Artificial Intelligence
| publisher=Chapman & Hall/CRC
| isbn=978-1-4398-4469-4
| url=http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781439844694
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Nilsson |first=Nils |author-link=Nils Nilsson (researcher) |year=1998
| title=Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis
| publisher=Morgan Kaufmann
| isbn=978-1-55860-467-4
}}
* {{Russell Norvig 2003}}.
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| first1=David |last1=Poole |author-link=David Poole (researcher)
| first2=Alan |last2=Mackworth |author2-link=Alan Mackworth
| first3=Randy |last3=Goebel |author3-link=Randy Goebel
| year=1998
| title=Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach
| publisher=Oxford University Press |location = New York
| isbn=0-19-510270-3
| url=http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/poole/ci.html
}}
* {{cite book
| last=Winston |first=Patrick Henry |author-link=Patrick Winston |year=1984
| title=Artificial Intelligence
| publisher=Addison-Wesley |location=Reading, MA
| isbn=0-201-08259-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last=Rich |first=Elaine |author-link=Elaine Rich |year=1983
| title=Artificial Intelligence
| publisher = McGraw-Hill
| isbn=0-07-052261-8
}}
{{refend}}
=== History of AI ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Crevier 1993}}.
* {{McCorduck 2004}}.
* {{cite book
| last=Nilsson |first=Nils |author-link=Nils Nilsson (researcher) |year=2010
| title=The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements
| publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York
| isbn=978-0-521-12293-1
}}
{{refend}}
=== Other sources ===
{{refbegin|colwidth=60em}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv
| last1=Asada |first1=M. |last2=Hosoda |first2=K. |last3=Kuniyoshi |first3=Y.
| last4=Ishiguro |first4=H. |last5=Inui |first5=T. |last6=Yoshikawa |first6=Y.
| last7=Ogino |first7=M. |last8=Yoshida |first8=C. |year=2009
| title=Cognitive developmental robotics: a survey
| journal=IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=12–34
| url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4895715&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4563672%2F5038478%2F04895715.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4895715
}}
* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|ACM|1998}}
| publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]]
| year=1998
| title=ACM Computing Classification System: Artificial intelligence
| url=http://www.acm.org/class/1998/I.2.html | accessdate=30 August 2007
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |ref=harv
| last=Albus |first=J. S. |year=2002 |pages=11–20
| title=4-D/RCS: A Reference Model Architecture for Intelligent Unmanned Ground Vehicles
| editor1-last=Gerhart |editor-first=G. |editor2-last=Gunderson |editor2-first=R.
| editor3-last=Shoemaker |editor3-first=C.
| encyclopedia=Proceedings of the SPIE AeroSense Session on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology |volume=3693
| url=http://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/documents/albus/4DRCS.pdf
| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20040725051856/http://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/documents/albus/4DRCS.pdf
| archivedate=25 July 2004
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Aleksander | first= Igor | authorlink = Igor Aleksander
| year=1995
| title= Artificial Neuroconsciousness: An Update
| publisher=IWANN
| url = http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/research/neural/publications/iwann.html
| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/19970302014628/http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/research/neural/publications/iwann.html
| archivedate = 2 March 1997
| ref = harv
}} [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bibtex/conf/iwann/Aleksander95 BibTex] {{Wayback|df=yes|date=19970302014628 |url=http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/research/neural/publications/iwann.html |title=
}}.
* {{cite encyclopedia |ref=harv
| last=Bach |first=Joscha |year=2008 |pages=63–74
| title=Seven Principles of Synthetic Intelligence
| editor1-last=Wang |editor1-first=Pei |editor2-last=Goertzel |editor2-first=Ben |editor3-last=Franklin |editor3-first=Stan
| work=Artificial General Intelligence, 2008: Proceedings of the First AGI Conference
| publisher=IOS Press |isbn=978-1-58603-833-5
| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=a_ZR81Z25z0C&pg=PA63
}}
* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|''BBC News''|2006}}
| date=21 December 2006
| title=Robots could demand legal rights |work=BBC News
| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6200005.stm |accessdate=3 February 2011
}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv
| last=Brooks |first=Rodney |authorlink=Rodney Brooks |year=1990
| title=Elephants Don't Play Chess
| journal=Robotics and Autonomous Systems |volume=6 |pages=3–15
| doi=10.1016/S0921-8890(05)80025-9
| url=http://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/papers/elephants.pdf |format=PDF
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070809020912/http://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/papers/elephants.pdf
| archivedate=9 August 2007 |deadurl=no
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |ref=harv
| last=Brooks |first=R. A. |year=1991 |pages=225–239
| title=How to build complete creatures rather than isolated cognitive simulators
| editor-last=VanLehn |editor-first=K.
| encyclopedia=Architectures for Intelligence |location=Hillsdale, NJ |publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv
| last=Buchanan |first=Bruce G. |year=2005 |pages=53–60
| title=A (Very) Brief History of Artificial Intelligence
| journal=AI Magazine
| url=http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/assets/PDF/AIMag26-04-016.pdf |format=PDF
| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070926023314/http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/assets/PDF/AIMag26-04-016.pdf
| archivedate=26 September 2007 |deadurl=no
}}
* {{cite news |ref=harv
| last=Butler |first=Samuel |authorlink=Samuel Butler (novelist) |date=13 June 1863
| title=Darwin among the Machines
| newspaper=The Press |location=Christchurch, New Zealand |department=Letters to the Editor
| url=http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-ButFir-t1-g1-t1-g1-t4-body.html |accessdate=16 October 2014
| via=Victoria University of Wellington
}}
* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|''CNN''|2006}}
| title=AI set to exceed human brain power
| work=CNN |date=26 July 2006
| url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/science/07/24/ai.bostrom/
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080219001624/http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/science/07/24/ai.bostrom/
| archivedate=19 February 2008 |deadurl=no
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Dennett | first=Daniel | author-link=Daniel Dennett
| year=1991
| title=[[Consciousness Explained]]
| publisher=The Penguin Press
| isbn= 0-7139-9037-6
}}
* {{cite web |ref=harv
| last=Diamond |first=David |date=December 2003
| title=The Love Machine; Building computers that care
| publisher=Wired
| url=http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.12/love.html
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080518185630/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.12/love.html
| archivedate=18 May 2008 |deadurl=no
}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv
| last1=Dowe |first1=D. L. |last2=Hajek |first2=A. R. |year=1997
| title=A computational extension to the Turing Test
| journal=Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the Australasian Cognitive Science Society
| url=http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/publications/1997/tr-cs97-322-abs.html
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Dreyfus | first=Hubert | authorlink = Hubert Dreyfus
| year = 1972
| title = [[What Computers Can't Do]]
| publisher = MIT Press | location = New York
| isbn = 0-06-011082-1
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Dreyfus | first=Hubert | authorlink = Hubert Dreyfus
| last2 = Dreyfus | first2 = Stuart
| year = 1986
| title = Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer
| publisher = Blackwell | location = Oxford, UK
| isbn=0-02-908060-6
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Dreyfus | first=Hubert | authorlink = Hubert Dreyfus
| year =1992
| title = What Computers ''Still'' Can't Do
| publisher = MIT Press | location = New York
| isbn=0-262-54067-3
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Dyson |first=George |authorlink=George Dyson (science historian) |year=1998
| title=Darwin among the Machines
| publisher=Allan Lane Science |isbn=0-7382-0030-1
}}
* {{cite web |ref=harv
| last = Edelman | first = Gerald | authorlink = Gerald Edelman
| date = 23 November 2007
| title = Gerald Edelman – Neural Darwinism and Brain-based Devices
| url = http://lis.epfl.ch/resources/podcast/2007/11/gerald-edelman-neural-darwinism-and.html
| publisher = Talking Robots
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Edelson |first=Edward |year=1991
| title=The Nervous System
| publisher=Chelsea House<!--so Worldcat, originally here Remmel Nunn--> |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7910-0464-7
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Fearn
| first = Nicholas
| year =2007
| title= The Latest Answers to the Oldest Questions: A Philosophical Adventure with the World's Greatest Thinkers
| publisher = Grove Press
| location=New York |isbn=0-8021-1839-9
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last = Gladwell | first = Malcolm | authorlink= Malcolm Gladwell
| year = 2005
| title = [[Blink (book)|Blink]]
| isbn = 0-316-17232-4
| publisher = Little, Brown and Co. | location = New York
}}
* {{cite conference | ref=harv
| last=Gödel |first=Kurt |authorlink=Kurt Gödel |year=1951
| title=Some basic theorems on the foundations of mathematics and their implications
| conference=Gibbs Lecture
}} In<br/> {{cite book
| editor-last=Feferman |editor-first=Solomon |editorlink=Solomon Feferman |year=1995 |pages=304–23
| title=Kurt Gödel: Collected Works, Vol. III: Unpublished Essays and Lectures
| publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-514722-3
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Haugeland | first=John | author-link = John Haugeland
| year = 1985
| title = Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea
| publisher=MIT Press| location= Cambridge, Mass.
| isbn=0-262-08153-9
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Hawkins | first=Jeff | author-link=Jeff Hawkins
| last2=Blakeslee | first2=Sandra
| year=2005
| title=[[On Intelligence]]
| publisher=Owl Books | location=New York, NY
| isbn=0-8050-7853-3
}}
* {{cite news |ref=harv
| last=Henderson |first=Mark |date=24 April 2007
| title=Human rights for robots? We're getting carried away
| url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/technology/article1966391.ece
| work=The Times Online | location=London
}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv
| last=Hernandez-Orallo |first=Jose |year=2000
| title=Beyond the Turing Test
| journal=Journal of Logic, Language and Information |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=447–466
| doi=10.1023/A:1008367325700
}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv
| last1=Hernandez-Orallo |first1=J. |last2=Dowe |first2=D. L. |year=2010
| title=Measuring Universal Intelligence: Towards an Anytime Intelligence Test
| journal=Artificial Intelligence Journal |volume=174 |issue=18 |pages=1508–1539
| doi=10.1016/j.artint.2010.09.006
}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv
| last=Hinton |first=G. E. |year=2007
| title=Learning multiple layers of representation
| journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |volume=11 |pages=428–434
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Hofstadter | first = Douglas | author-link = Douglas Hofstadter
| year = 1979
| title = [[Gödel, Escher, Bach|Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid]]
| isbn=0-394-74502-7
| publisher=Vintage Books
| location=New York, NY
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Holland |first=John H. |year=1975
| title=Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems
| publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=0-262-58111-6
}}
* {{cite web |ref=harv
| first = J. | last = Howe
| date = November 1994
| title = Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University: a Perspective
| url=http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/about/AIhistory.html | accessdate=30 August 2007
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Hutter |first=M. |year=2012
| title=Theoretical Foundations of Artificial General Intelligence
| chapter=One Decade of Universal Artificial Intelligence
| volume=4 |series=Atlantis Thinking Machines
| doi=10.2991/978-94-91216-62-6_5 |isbn=978-94-91216-61-9
}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv
| last=James |first=William |year=1884
| title=What is Emotion
| journal=Mind |volume=9 |pages=188–205 |doi=10.1093/mind/os-IX.34.188
}} Cited by {{harvnb|Tao|Tan|2005}}.
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Kahneman | first=Daniel | author-link=Daniel Kahneman
| last2=Slovic | first2= D.
| last3=Tversky | first3=Amos | author3-link=Amos Tversky
| year=1982
| title=Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases
| publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=New York
| isbn=0-521-28414-7
}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv
| last=Katz |first=Yarden |date=1 November 2012
| title=Noam Chomsky on Where Artificial Intelligence Went Wrong
| work=The Atlantic
| url=http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/11/noam-chomsky-on-where-artificial-intelligence-went-wrong/261637/?single_page=true |accessdate=26 October 2014
}}
* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|''Kismet''}}
| title=Kismet
| publisher=MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Humanoid Robotics Group
| url=http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/kismet/kismet.html |accessdate=25 October 2014
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Koza |first=John R. |year=1992
| title=Genetic Programming (On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection)
| publisher=MIT Press |isbn=0-262-11170-5
}}
* {{cite web |ref=harv
| last=Kleine-Cosack |first=Christian |date=October 2006 |format=PDF
| title= Recognition and Simulation of Emotions
| url= http://ls12-www.cs.tu-dortmund.de//~fink/lectures/SS06/human-robot-interaction/Emotion-RecognitionAndSimulation.pdf
| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080528135730/http://ls12-www.cs.tu-dortmund.de/~fink/lectures/SS06/human-robot-interaction/Emotion-RecognitionAndSimulation.pdf |archivedate=28 May 2008
}}
* {{Cite journal |ref=harv
| first = G. | last=Kolata
| year=1982
| title=How can computers get common sense?
| journal=Science | issue= 4566| pages=1237–1238
| doi = 10.1126/science.217.4566.1237
| volume = 217 |pmid=17837639
}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv
| last1=Kumar | first1=Gulshan
| last2=Kumar | first2=Krishan
| title=The Use of Artificial-Intelligence-Based Ensembles for Intrusion Detection: A Review
| journal=Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
| year=2012
| volume=2012
| pages=1–20
| doi=10.1155/2012/850160
| url=http://www.hindawi.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/journals/acisc/2012/850160/
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Kurzweil | first=Ray | author-link=Ray Kurzweil
| year=1999
| title=[[The Age of Spiritual Machines]]
| publisher=Penguin Books
| isbn=0-670-88217-8
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Kurzweil | first=Ray | author-link=Ray Kurzweil
| year=2005
| title=[[The Singularity is Near]]
| publisher=Penguin Books
| isbn=0-670-03384-7
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Lakoff | first=George | author-link=George Lakoff
| last2=Núñez | first2=Rafael E. | author2-link=Rafael E. Núñez| year=2000
| title=[[Where Mathematics Comes From|Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being]]
| publisher=Basic Books
| isbn= 0-465-03771-2
}}
* {{Cite journal |ref=harv
| last1=Langley |first1=Pat |year=2011
| title=The changing science of machine learning
| journal=[[Machine Learning (journal)|Machine Learning]]
| volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=275–279
| doi=10.1007/s10994-011-5242-y
}}
* {{cite techreport |ref=harv
| last=Law |first=Diane |date=June 1994
| title=Searle, Subsymbolic Functionalism and Synthetic Intelligence
| institution=University of Texas at Austin |number=AI94-222
| url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.38.8384&rep=rep1&type=pdf |accessdate=26 October 2014
}}
* {{cite techreport |ref=harv
| last1=Legg |first1=Shane |last2=Hutter |first2=Marcus |date=15 June 2007
| title=A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence
| institution=[[IDSIA]] |number=07-07 |arxiv=0706.3639
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Lenat | first=Douglas | author-link=Douglas Lenat
| last2=Guha | first2=R. V.
| year = 1989
| title = Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems
| publisher = Addison-Wesley
| isbn=0-201-51752-3
}}
* {{Cite book |ref=harv
| last=Lighthill |first=James |author-link=James Lighthill |year=1973
| contribution= Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey
| title=Artificial Intelligence: a paper symposium
| publisher=Science Research Council
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Lucas | first= John | author-link = John Lucas (philosopher)
| year = 1961
| contribution=Minds, Machines and Gödel
| editor-last = Anderson | editor-first =A.R.
| title=Minds and Machines
| url = http://users.ox.ac.uk/~jrlucas/Godel/mmg.html | accessdate=30 August 2007
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070819165214/http://users.ox.ac.uk/~jrlucas/Godel/mmg.html| archivedate= 19 August 2007 | deadurl= no
}}
* {{cite paper |ref=harv
| last1=Lungarella |first1=M. |last2=Metta |first2=G. |last3=Pfeifer |first3=R. |last4=Sandini |first4=G. |year=2003
| title=Developmental robotics: a survey
| journal=Connection Science |volume=15 |pages=151–190 |id={{citeseerx|10.1.1.83.7615}}
}}
* {{cite web |ref=harv
| last = Maker | first = Meg Houston
| year = 2006
| title = AI@50: AI Past, Present, Future | location=Dartmouth College
| url = http://www.engagingexperience.com/2006/07/ai50_ai_past_pr.html | accessdate=16 October 2008
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081008120238/http://www.engagingexperience.com/2006/07/ai50_ai_past_pr.html| archivedate= 8 October 2008 | deadurl= no}}
* {{cite news |ref=harv
| last=Markoff |first=John | date=16 February 2011<!-- corrected 24 February 2011-->
| title=Computer Wins on 'Jeopardy!': Trivial, It's Not |work=The New York Times
| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/17/science/17jeopardy-watson.html |accessdate=25 October 2014
}}
* {{cite web |ref=harv
| last1 = McCarthy | first1 = John | authorlink1 = John McCarthy (computer scientist)
| last2 = Minsky | first2 = Marvin | authorlink2 = Marvin Minsky
| last3 = Rochester | first3 = Nathan | authorlink3 = Nathan Rochester
| last4 = Shannon | first4 = Claude | authorlink4 = Claude Shannon
| year = 1955
| title = A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence
| url = http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/dartmouth/dartmouth.html | accessdate=30 August 2007
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070826230310/http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/dartmouth/dartmouth.html| archivedate= 26 August 2007 | deadurl= no}}.
* {{cite journal |ref=harv
| last1 = McCarthy | first1 = John | author-link = John McCarthy (computer scientist)
| last2 = Hayes | first2=P. J.
| year = 1969
| title= Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence
| journal =Machine Intelligence | volume= 4 | pages = 463–502
| url=http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/mcchay69.html | accessdate=30 August 2007
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070810233856/http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/mcchay69.html| archivedate= 10 August 2007 | deadurl= no}}
* {{cite web |ref=harv
| last=McCarthy | first=John | authorlink=John McCarthy (computer scientist)
| title=What Is Artificial Intelligence?
| date=12 November 2007
| url=http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Minsky | first=Marvin | author-link=Marvin Minsky
| year = 1967
| title = Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines
| publisher = Prentice-Hall | location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
| isbn=0-13-165449-7
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Minsky | first=Marvin | author-link=Marvin Minsky
| year = 2006
| title = [[The Emotion Machine]]
| publisher = Simon & Schusterl | publication-place=New York, NY
| isbn=0-7432-7663-9
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Moravec | first=Hans | author-link=Hans Moravec
| year = 1988
| title = Mind Children
| publisher = Harvard University Press
| isbn=0-674-57616-0
}}
* {{cite web |ref=harv
| last=Norvig |first=Peter |authorlink=Peter Norvig |date=25 June 2012<!--page metadata, last modified-->
| title=On Chomsky and the Two Cultures of Statistical Learning
| publisher=Peter Norvig
| url=http://norvig.com/chomsky.html
| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20141019223259/http://norvig.com/chomsky.html
| archivedate=19 October 2014 |deadurl=no
}}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|NRC|1999}}
| author=NRC (United States National Research Council) | authorlink=United States National Research Council
| year=1999
| chapter=Developments in Artificial Intelligence
| title=Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research
| publisher=National Academy Press
}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv
| last=Needham | first=Joseph | authorlink = Joseph Needham
| year=1986
| title=[[Science and Civilization in China]]: Volume 2
| publisher=Caves Books Ltd.
}}
* {{cite journal|ref=harv
| last=Newell |first=Allen |author-link=Allen Newell
| last2=Simon |first2=H. A. | authorlink2=Herbert A. Simon
| year=1976
| title=Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search
| journal=Communications of the ACM |volume= 19 |issue=3
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{{refend}}
== Padugang nga barasahon ==
* TechCast Article Series, John Sagi, [http://www.techcast.org/Upload/PDFs/634146249446122137_Consciousness-Sagifinalversion.pdf Framing Consciousness]
* [[Boden, Margaret]], Mind As Machine, [[Oxford University Press]], 2006
* Johnston, John (2008) "The Allure of Machinic Life: Cybernetics, Artificial Life, and the New AI", MIT Press
* Myers, Courtney Boyd ed. (2009). [http://www.forbes.com/2009/06/22/singularity-robots-computers-opinions-contributors-artificial-intelligence-09_land.html The AI Report]. Forbes June 2009
* {{cite journal | last1 = Serenko | first1 = Alexander | year = 2010 | title = The development of an AI journal ranking based on the revealed preference approach | url = http://www.aserenko.com/papers/JOI_Serenko_AI_Journal_Ranking_Published.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Journal of Informetrics | volume = 4 | issue = 4| pages = 447–459 | doi = 10.1016/j.joi.2010.04.001 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Serenko | first1 = Alexander | author2=Michael Dohan | year = 2011 | title = Comparing the expert survey and citation impact journal ranking methods: Example from the field of Artificial Intelligence | url = http://www.aserenko.com/papers/JOI_AI_Journal_Ranking_Serenko.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Journal of Informetrics | volume = 5 | issue = 4| pages = 629–649 | doi = 10.1016/j.joi.2011.06.002 }}
* Sun, R. & Bookman, L. (eds.), ''Computational Architectures: Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes''. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Needham, MA. 1994.
* {{cite web
|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/news/533686/2014-in-computing-breakthroughs-in-artificial-intelligence/
|title=2014 in Computing: Breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence
|author=Tom Simonite
|date=29 December 2014
|work=MIT Technology Review
|publisher=
|accessdate=
}}
== Mga sumpay ha gawas ==
{{Sister project links|voy=no|Artificial Intelligence}}
* [http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html What Is AI?] – An introduction to artificial intelligence by AI founder [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]].
* [https://archive.org/details/handbookofartific01barr/ The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence Volume Ⅰ by Avron Barr and Edward A. Feigenbaum (Stanford University)]
* {{IEP|art-inte|Artificial Intelligence}}
* {{SEP|logic-ai|Logic and Artificial Intelligence|Richmond Thomason}}
* {{dmoz|Computers/Artificial_Intelligence/|AI}}
* [http://aaai.org/AITopics/ AITopics] – A large directory of links and other resources maintained by the [[Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence]], the leading organization of academic AI researchers.
* [http://www.singularityweblog.com/practopoiesis/ Cybernetics] and AI
[[Kaarangay: intelihensya artipisyal]]
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