An pagkakaiba han mga rebisyon han "Fascismo"
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Bagis 1:
[[Paypay:Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hi Benito Mussolini (wala) ngan hi Adolf Hitler (tuo) - Duha nga pasismo nga lider]]
An '''
==Mga reperensya==
===Pinanbasaran===
{{reflist|3|refs=
<!-- <ref name = "Andreski-p64">Stanislav Andreski, Wars, Revolutions, Dictatorships, Routledge 1992, p. 64</ref> -->
<ref name="aaa134">Ali Abdullatif Ahmida. ''The making of modern Libya: state formation, colonization, and resistance, 1830–1922''. Albany, New York, US: State University of New York Press, 1994. pp. 134–135.</ref>
<ref name="aesthetics">Andrew Hewitt. Fascist modernism: aesthetics, politics, and the avant-garde. Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press, 1993. p. 153.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="aesthetics89">Falasca-Zamponi, Simonetta. ''Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy''. University of California Press, 2000. p. 137.</ref> -->
<!-- remark out unused ref
<ref name="liberalf09">Goldberg, Jonah. ''"Liberal Fascism: The Secret History of the American Left, From Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning"''. Three Rivers Press, 2009. pp. 79-84.</ref>
-->
<ref name="ah.brookes.ac.uk">Griffin, Roger: "The Palingenetic Core of Fascism", ''Che cos'è il fascismo? Interpretazioni e prospettive di ricerche'', Ideazione editrice, Rome, 2003 [http://ah.brookes.ac.uk/resources/griffin/coreoffascism.pdf AH.Brookes.ac.uk]</ref>
<ref name="ajg196">Anthony James Gregor. ''Young Mussolini and the intellectual origins of fascism''. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, US; London, England, UK: University of California Press, 1979. p. 196.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="Allianz">[http://books.google.com/books?id=kractQ2Eiz0C&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Robert+Ley+law+for+the+ordering+of+national+labor&source=bl&ots=-DA9oSa1Hs&sig=gQa1kVlf7jPM5Xw1oMvnE1FiPqI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5radT8T_BePW0QGgkL2uDw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Allianz and the German Insurance Business, 1933–1945. By Gerald D. Feldman], accessed April 29, 2012.</ref> -->
<ref name="anatomnyfascismo">{{cite book |last=Paxton |first=Robert |title=The Anatomy of Fascism |publisher=Vintage Books |isbn=1-4000-4094-9}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name="anatomy">Robert O. Paxton. ''The Anatomy of Fascism''. First Vintage Books Edition. New York, New York, USA: Vintage Books, 2005. p. 144.</ref> -->
<ref name="aristotle">Aristotle A. Kallis. ''The fascism reader''. New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2003. p. 71</ref>
<ref name="aristotle4">Kallis, Aristotle, ed. (2003). ''The Fascism Reader,'' London: Routledge, pp. 84–85.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="aristotle92">The Fascism Reader by Aristotle A. Kallis.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="aristotle99">Kallis, Aristotle, ed. (2003). ''The Fascism Reader,'' London: Routledge, pp. 391–395.</ref> -->
<ref name="authoritarian">Turner, Henry Ashby, ''Reappraisals of Fascism''. New Viewpoints, 1975. p. 162. States fascism's "goals of radical and authoritarian nationalism".</ref>
<ref name="authoritarianism">Larsen, Stein Ugelvik, Bernt Hagtvet and Jan Petter Myklebust, ''Who were the Fascists: Social Roots of European Fascism'', p. 424, "organized form of integrative radical nationalist authoritarianism"</ref>
<ref name="Benito Mussolini 1935, p. 26">Benito Mussolini. ''Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions''. (Rome, Italy: Ardita Publishers, 1935) p. 26. "We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the 'right,' a fascist century."</ref>
<ref name="Bernd-Rüdiger Hüppauf 1997. p. 92">Hüppauf, Bernd-Rüdiger ''War, Violence, and the Modern Condition'' (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1997), p. 92.</ref>
<ref name="Blamires, Cyprian 2006 p. 188-189">Blamires, Cyprian, ''World Fascism: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1'' (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2006) p. 188–189.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="Blamires, Cyprian 2006 p. 418-419">Blamires, Cyprian, ''World Fascism: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1'' (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2006) p. 418–419.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="Blamires, Cyprian 2006 p. 507">Blamires, Cyprian, ''World Fascism: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1'' (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2006) p. 507.</ref> -->
<ref name="Blamires, Cyprian 2006 p. 512">Blamires, Cyprian, ''World Fascism: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1'' (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2006) p. 512.</ref>
<!--
<ref name="Blamires, Cyprian 2006 p. 82-84">Blamires, Cyprian, ''World Fascism: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1'' (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2006) p. 82–84.</ref>-->
<ref name="Blamires, Cyprian 2006 p. 95-96">Blamires, Cyprian, ''World Fascism: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1'' (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2006) p. 95–96.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="blamires">name="Blamires, Cyprian 2006 pp. 140–141"</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="bloomington">Arthur Schweitzer, ''"Big Business in the Third Reich"'', Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1964, p. 288</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="bloomington85">Arthur Schweitzer, ''Big Business in the Third Reich'', Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1964, p. 269</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="bolshevism">Counts, George Sylvester, ''Bolshevism, Fascism, and Capitalism: an Account of the Three Economic Systems'', 3rd ed. (Yale University Press, 1970). p. 96</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="books.google.com">Welch, David. Modern European History, 1871–2000. [http://books.google.com/books?id=-Dyb7RFhnVAC&pg=PA57 p. 57]. (Speaks of fascism opposing capitalism for creating class conflict and communism for exploiting class conflict).</ref> -->
<ref name="britannicafasc">{{cite news |url=http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9117286 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |title=Fascism |date=8 January 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="brookes">Roger Griffin, ''[http://ah.brookes.ac.uk/history/staff/griffin/coreoffascism.pdf The palingenetic core of generic fascist ideology]'', Chapter published in Alessandro Campi (ed.), ''Che cos'è il fascismo?'' Interpretazioni e prospettive di ricerche, Ideazione editrice, Roma, 2003, pp. 97–122.</ref>
<ref name="cb150">Cyprian Blamires, Paul Jackson. ''World fascism: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, California, US: ABC-CLIO, 2006. p. 150.</ref>
<ref name="cb189">Cyprian Blamires, Paul Jackson. ''World fascism: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, California, US: ABC-CLIO, 2006. p. 189.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="community">''Social Policy in the Third Reich. The Working Class and the 'National Community'' – Mason, T.W., Oxford: Berg. 1993, p. 160</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="comparative">Bhushan, Vidya, ''Comparative Politics'', 3rd ed. (New Delhi, India: Atlantic Publishers, 2006) p. 208.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="comparative96">Herbert Kitschelt, Anthony J. McGann. The Radical Right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis. 1996 University of Michigan Press. p. 30</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="connecticut">Joan Campbell. European labor unions. Wesport, Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Press, 1992. p. 164.</ref> -->
<ref name="connecticut30">Dahlia S. Elazar. The making of fascism: class, state, and counter-revolution, Italy 1919–1922. Westport, Connecticut, US: Praeger Publishers, 2001. p. 73</ref>
<!-- <ref name="conservatism">Larry Eugene Jones, James N. Retallack. ''Between reform, reaction, and resistance: studies in the history of German conservatism from 1789 to 1945''. Berg, 1993. p. 20.</ref> -->
<ref name="conservatives">Fascists and conservatives: the radical right and the establishment in twentieth-century Europe. Routdlege, 1990. p. 14.</ref>
<ref name="conservatives39">Martin Blinkhorn. ''Fascists and Conservatives''. 2nd edition. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 2001 p. 22.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="corporativo">Italian: ''Lo Stato corporativo considera l'iniziativa privata, nel campo della produzione, come lo strumento più utile ed efficiente della Nazione.''</ref> -->
<ref name="Cyprian Blamires 2006. p. 72">Cyprian Blamires, Paul Jackson. ''World fascism: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, California, US: ABC-CLIO, 2006. p. 72.</ref>
<ref name="deff">{{cite book |last=Payne |first=Stanley G |title=Fascism, Comparison and Definition |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |isbn=0-299-08064-1 |year=1983}}</ref>
<ref name="dissolution">David Jablonsky. ''The Nazi Party in dissolution: Hitler and the Verbotzeit, 1923–1925''. London, England, UK; Totowa, New Jersey, US: Frank Cass and Company Ltd., 1989. pp. 20–26, 30</ref>
<!-- <ref name="domarus">Domarus, ''Hitler'' II. 251–252</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="dreamland">Howard M. Sachar. ''Dreamland: Europeans and Jews in the Aftermath of the Great War''. Random House Digital, Inc., 2003. p. 295.</ref> -->
<ref name="eatwell">Eatwell, Roger, ''Fascism: a History'' (Allen Lane, 1996) p. 215.</ref>
<ref name="egalitarianism">Griffen, Roger; Feldman, Matthew. Fascism: Critical Concepts. p. 353. "When the Russian revolution occurred in 1917 and the 'Democratic' revolution spread after the First World War, anti-[[bolshevism]] and anti-egalitarianism rose as very strong "restoration movements" on the European scene. However, by the turn of that century no one could predict that fascism would become such a concrete, political reaction ..."</ref>
<ref name="encyclopedia">Blamires, Cyprian, ''World Fascism: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1'' (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2006) p. 140–141, 670.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="encyclopedia2">Adam Kuper, Jessica Kuper. ''The Social Science Encyclopedia, Volume I, A-K'', 3rd ed. (Routledge, 2004) p. 349.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="encyclopedia3">Blamires, Cyprian, ''World Fascism: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1'' (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2006) pp. 170–171.</ref> -->
<ref name="encyclopedia49">Cyprian Blamires, Paul Jackson. ''World fascism: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, California, US: ABC-CLIO, 2006. p. 190.</ref>
<ref name="er71">Eatwell, Roger: "A 'Spectral-Syncretic Approach to Fascism', ''The Fascism Reader'' (Routledge, 2003) pp. 71–80 [http://books.google.com/books?id=tP2wXl5nzboC&pg=PA71 Books.google.com]</ref>
<ref name="er71">Eatwell, Roger: "A 'Spectral-Syncretic Approach to Fascism', ''The Fascism Reader'', Routledge, 2003 pp. 71–80 [http://books.google.com/books?id=tP2wXl5nzboC&pg=PA71]</ref>
<!-- <ref name="establishing">Mussolini, Benito; Schnapp, Jeffery Thompson (ed.); Sears, Olivia E. (ed.); Stampino, Maria G. (ed.). "Address to the National Corporative Council (14 November 1933) and Senate Speech on the Bill Establishing the Corporations (abridged; 13 January 1934)". ''A Primer of Italian Fascism''. University of Nebraska Press, 2000. p. 158.</ref> -->
<ref name="Eugene Davidson pp. 371-372">Eugene Davidson. ''The Unmaking of Adolf Hitler''. Columbia, Missouri, USA: University of Missouri Press, 2004 pp. 371–372.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="evans">Evans, p. 299</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="evans102">Evans, pp. 491–492</ref> -->
<ref name="evans76">Evans, pp. 331–332</ref>
<ref name="evans78">Evans, p. 529</ref>
<ref name="expansionism">Aristotle A. Kallis. Fascist ideology: territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945. London, England, UK: Routledge, 2000. p. 132.</ref>
<ref name="expansionism50">Aristotle A. Kallis. ''Fascist ideology: territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945''. New York, New York, US: Routledge, 2001. p. 51.</ref>
<ref name="expansionism51">Aristotle A. Kallis. ''Fascist ideology: territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945''. New York, New York, US: Routledge, 2001. p. 53.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="expansionism61">Kallis, Aristotle, ''Fascist Ideology: Territory and Expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945' (New York: Routledge, 2000) pp. 39–40.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="experience">Pollard, John Francis, ''The Fascist Experience in Italy'' (Routledge 1998) p. 80 </ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="experimentation">Baumslag, Naomi and Edmund D. Pellgrino, ''Murderous Medicine: Nazi Doctors, Human Experimentation, and Typhus'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005) p. 37.</ref> -->
<ref name="Fascism in Europe">{{cite book |last=Woolf|first=Stuart |title=Fascism in Europe|publisher=Methuen |year=1981 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=iaMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA18 |isbn=978-0-416-30240-0}}</ref>
<ref name="fascism">Stuart Joseph Woolf. ''Fascism in Europe''. 3rd Edition. Taylor & Francis, 1983. p. 311.</ref>
<ref name="fascism79">Allen, Ann Taylor, Review of Dagmar Herzog, Sex after Fascism January 2006</ref>
<!-- <ref name="fascist">De Grand, ''Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany'', pp. 48–51.</ref> -->
<ref name="Fashioning the Body Politic: Dress, Gender, Citizenship">{{cite book|last = Parkins|first =Wendy|title =Fashioning the Body Politic: Dress, Gender, Citizenship| publisher =Berg Publishers| isbn =1-85973-587-8|year = 2002}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name="Fordham.edu">{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/mussolini-fascism.html |title=Fordham.edu |publisher=Fordham.edu |accessdate=2010-06-04}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="fz136">Falasca-Zamponi, Simonetta. ''Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy''. University of California Press, 2000. p. 136.</ref> -->
<ref name="ga145">De Grand, Alexander. ''Italian fascism: its origins and development''. 3rd ed. University of Nebraska Press, 2000. p. 145.</ref>
<ref name="gb2000">Günter Berghaus. ''Fascism and theatre: comparative studies on the aesthetics and politics of performance''. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, US: University of California Press, 2000. pp. 136–137</ref>
<ref name="Gender and Crime in Modern Europe">{{cite book |first=Margaret |last=Arnot |author2=Cornelie Usborne |title=Gender and Crime in Modern Europe |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=[[New York City]] |year=1999 |page=[http://books.google.com/books?id=q1BFiRa3KHkC&printsec=frontcover 241] |isbn=1-85728-745-2 |oclc=249726924 }}</ref>
<ref name="Gentile, Emilio 2005. p. 205">Mussolini quoted in: Gentile, Emilio. ''The origins of Fascist ideology, 1918–1925''. Enigma Books, 2005. p. 205</ref>
<!-- <ref name="gg145">Gori, Gigliola. ''Italian Fascism and the Female Body: Sport, Submissive Women and Strong Mothers'' (Routledge, 2004) p. 145.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="gg58">Gori, Gigliola. ''Italian Fascism and the Female Body: Sport, Submissive Women and Strong Mothers'' (Routledge, 2004) p. 58</ref> -->
<ref name="Giuseppe Caforio 2006. p. 12">Giuseppe Caforio. "Handbook of the sociology of the military", ''Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research''. New York, New York, USA: Springer, 2006. p. 12.</ref>
<ref name="gj120">Grčić, Joseph. ''Ethics and Political Theory'' (Lanham, Maryland: University of America, Inc, 2000) p. 120</ref>
<ref name="google">Griffin, Roger and Matthew Feldman [http://books.google.com/books?id=2SlXXndbbCEC&dq Fascism: Critical Concepts in Political Science] pp. 420–421, 2004 Taylor and Francis.</ref>
<ref name="google5">Eatwell, Roger: "A Spectral-Syncretic Approach to Fascism", ''The Fascism Reader'', Routledge, 2003, p 79. [http://books.google.com/books?id=tP2wXl5nzboC&pg=PA79 Books.Google.com]</ref>
<!-- Unused citations
<ref name="google11">Harmon, Christopher C., ''Terrorism Today'' (Routledge, 2000) ISBN 978-0-7146-4998-6 [http://books.google.com/books?id=F4AYGALitgsC&pg=PA198 Books.Google.com] "a final indicator of the amibiguity between left and right extremes is that many militants switch sides, including the very founder of fascism, Benito Mussolini"</ref>
-->
<!-- <ref name="google55">Ebenstein, William. 1964. ''Today's Isms: Communism, Fascism, Capitalism, and Socialism.'' Prentice Hall (original from the University of Michigan). p. 178. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Ym0AAAAAMAAJ&q=fascism+%22corporatism%22&dq=fascism+%22corporatism%22&lr=&pgis=1 Books.Google.com]</ref> -->
<ref name="google6">Stackelberg, Roderick [http://books.google.com/books?id=GELM5-W_zMwC&pg=PA3 ''Hitler's Germany''], Routledge, 1999, pp. 4–6</ref>
<!-- <ref name="google60">Kershaw, Ian. 2000. Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 442. [http://books.google.com/books?id=nV-N10gyoFwC&pg=PA442&dq=hitler+expansionism Books.Google.com]</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="google62">Bollas, Christopher. 1993. Being a Character: Psychoanalysis and Self-Experience. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08815-2. p. 205. [http://books.google.com/books?id=n7ZjIeqieRwC&pg=PA205&dq=fascism+anti-pacifist&lr= Books.Google.com] Speaks of Italian Fascism supporting war and opposing pacifism.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="google63">Linz, Juan José. 2000. ''Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes: with a major new introduction''. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 7. [http://books.google.com/books?id=8cYk_ABfMJIC&pg=PA7&dq=fascism+totalitarianism&lr= Books.google.com]</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="google66">Gentile, Emilio. The Struggle for Modernity: Nationalism, Futurism, and Fascism. p. 86. [http://books.google.com/books?id=TNmrDDs8lSkC&dq=fascism+nationalism&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&sig=ACfU3U35eQa-qe6OulhpRjWALQGLD36UmA&q=totalitarian+nazi#PPA86,M1 Books.Google.com]</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="google67">Knight, Patricia [http://books.google.com/books?id=UChQ6AkxkpcC&dq Mussolini and Fascism], p. 72, Routledge, 2003.</ref> -->
<ref name="google68">Payne, Stanley G. 1996. ''A History of Fascism, 1914–1945''. Routledge [http://books.google.com/books?id=9wHNrF7nFecC&pg=PA220 p. 220]</ref>
<!-- <ref name="google69">Griffin, Roger and Matthew Feldma [http://books.google.com/books?id=kne26UnE1wQC&pg=PT477 Fascism: Critical Concepts in Political Science], 2004 Taylor and Francis</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="gottlieb">Gottlieb, Julie V. and Thomas p. Linehan, p. 93.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="gr101">Griffen, Roger (editor). Chapter 8: "Extremism of the Centre" – by Seymour Martin Lipset. ''International Fascism: Theories, Causes and the New Consensus.'' Arnold Readers. p. 101.</ref> -->
<ref name="Griffin, Roger 1991 pp. 222-223">Griffin, Roger. ''The Nature of Fascism'' (New York: St. Martins Press, 1991) pp. 222–223.</ref>
<ref name="griffin">Griffin, ''The Nature of Fascism'', pp. 150–2</ref>
<!-- <ref name="guillebaud">Guillebaud, Claude W. 1939. The Economic Recovery of Germany 1933–1938. London: MacMillan and Co. Limited.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="gunther">"From inside Europe" by John Gunther. This generation: a selection of British and American literature from 1914 to the present. Scott, Foresman, 1939. p. 640.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="heinemann">Lee, Stephen J. (1996), Weimar and Nazi Germany, Harcourt Heinemann, p. 28</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="hitler">Adolf Hitler, ''Mein Kampf'', pp. 27–28</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="hm285">Hawkins, Mike. ''Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, 1860–1945: Nature as Model and Nature as Threat''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. p. 285.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="ideological">Griffin, Roger, "The 'Post-fascism' of the Alleanza Nazionale: a Case-study in Ideological Morphology" in ''Journal of Political Ideologies'', Vol. 1, No. 2, 1996</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="ideologies">Vincent, Andrew. ''Modern Political Ideologies.'' 3rd edition. John Wiley & Sons, 2009. pp. 158–159.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="ideologies94">Vincent, Andrew. ''Modern Political Ideologies.'' 3rd edition. John Wiley & Sons, 2009. p. 160.</ref> -->
<!-- Unused citation <ref name="IHT">[http://www.iht.com/articles/2003/10/29/camp_ed3_.php ''Survivors of war camp lament Italy's amnesia''], 2003, [[International Herald Tribune]]</ref> -->
<ref name="In the Shadow of the Fasces: Political Design in Fascist Italy">{{cite book|last =Doordan|first =Dennis P| title =In the Shadow of the Fasces: Political Design in Fascist Italy| publisher =The MIT Press| isbn =0-299-14874-2|year =1995}}</ref>
<ref name="institutions">Mussolini, Benito. 1935. Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions. Rome: Ardita Publishers. p 14.</ref>
<ref name="intellectual">Anthony James Gregor. ''Young Mussolini and the intellectual origins of fascism''. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, US; London, England, UK: University of California Press, 1979. pp. 195–196.</ref>
<ref name="intellectuals">Gregor. ''Mussolini's Intellectuals: Fascist Social and Political Thought'', Princeton University Press, 2005 ISBN 0-691-12009-9 p. 4</ref>
<ref name="intelligentguide">{{cite book |last=Griffiths |first=Richard |title=An Intelligent Person's Guide to Fascism |publisher=Duckworth |isbn=0-7156-2918-2}}</ref>
<ref name="intelligentguide">{{cite book |last=Griffiths |first=Richard |title=An Intelligent Person's Guide to Fascism|publisher=Duckworth|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Y668AAAACAAJ&dq=Griffiths,+Richard |isbn=0-7156-2918-2 |year=2000}}</ref>
<ref name="international">Sternhell, Zeev, "Crisis of Fin-de-siècle Thought" in Griffin, Roger, ed., ''International Fascism: Theories, Causes and the New Consensus'' (London and New York, 1998) p. 169.</ref>
<ref name="Jeffrey Thompson Schnapp 2000, p. 57">Schnapp, Jeffrey Thompson, Olivia E. Sears and Maria G. Stampino, ''A Primer of Italian Fascism'' (University of Nebraska Press, 2000) p. 57, "We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the 'right,' a fascist century,"</ref>
<!-- <ref name="jewishvirtuallibrary">"Goebbels on National-Socialism, Bolshevism and Democracy, ''Documents on International Affairs'', vol. II, 1938, pp. 17–19. Accessed from the Jewish Virtual Library on February 5, 2009. [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Goebbels091038.html JewishVirtualLibrary.org] Joseph Goebbels describes the Nazis as being allied with countries which had "authoritarian nationalist" ideology and conception of the state.</ref> -->
<ref name="journalist">Paul O'Brien. Mussolini in the First World War: The Journalist, The Soldier, The Fascist. p. 52.</ref>
<ref name="junginger">Horst, Junginger, ''The Study of Religion Under the Impact of Fascism'' vol. 117 of Numen Book Series (BRILL, 2008) p. 273.</ref>
<ref name="kershaw">Ian Kershaw. Hitler, 1889–1936: hubris. New York, New York, US; London, England, UK: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. p. 182.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="kp72">Knight, Patricia, Mussolini and Fascism, p. 72, Routledge, 2003.</ref> -->
<ref name="littlefield">Stanislao G. Pugliese. Fascism, anti-fascism, and the resistance in Italy: 1919 to the present. Oxford, England, UK: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004. 43–44.</ref>
<ref name="littlefield29">Stanislao G. Pugliese. ''Fascism, anti-fascism, and the resistance in Italy: 1919 to the present''. Oxford, England, UK: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004. pp. 43–44.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="MacGregor Knox pp. 63-64">MacGregor Knox. Mussolini Unleashed, 1939–1941: Politics and Strategy in Italy's Last War. pp. 63–64.</ref>
<ref name="MacGregor Knox p. 63">MacGregor Knox. Mussolini Unleashed, 1939–1941: Politics and Strategy in Italy's Last War. p. 63.</ref> -->
<ref name="Martin Kitchen 2006. p. 205">Kitchen, Martin, ''A History of Modern Germany, 1800–2000'' (Malden, Massaschussetts, USA; Oxford, England, UK; Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 2006),p. 205.</ref>
<ref name="massachusetts">Borsella, Cristogianni and Adolph Caso. ''Fascist Italy: A Concise Historical Narrative'' (Wellesley, Massachusetts: Branden Books, 2007) p. 76.</ref>
<ref name="massachusetts31">Cristogianni Borsella, Adolph Caso. ''Fascist Italy: A Concise Historical Narrative''. Wellesley, Massachusetts, US: Branden Books, 2007. p. 69.</ref>
<ref name="massachusetts32">Cristogianni Borsella, Adolph Caso. ''Fascist Italy: A Concise Historical Narrative''. Wellesley, Massachusetts, US: Branden Books, 2007. pp. 69–70.</ref>
<ref name="massachusetts33">Cristogianni Borsella, Adolph Caso. ''Fascist Italy: A Concise Historical Narrative''. Wellesley, Massachusetts, US: Branden Books, 2007. p. 70.</ref>
<ref name="massachusetts36">Cristogianni Borsella, Adolph Caso. ''Fascist Italy: A Concise Historical Narrative''. Wellesley, Massachusetts, US: Branden Books, 2007. p. 73.</ref>
<ref name="massachusetts37">Cristogianni Borsella, Adolph Caso. ''Fascist Italy: A Concise Historical Narrative''. Wellesley, Massachusetts, US: Branden Books, 2007. p. 75.</ref>
<ref name="massachusetts40">Cristogianni Borsella, Adolph Caso. ''Fascist Italy: A Concise Historical Narrative''. Wellesley, Massachusetts, US: Branden Books, 2007. p. 72.</ref>
<ref name="massachusetts41">Cristogianni Borsella, Adolph Caso. ''Fascist Italy: A Concise Historical Narrative''. Wellesley, Massachusetts, US: Branden Books, 2007. p. 76.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="Matthew Lange 2006. p. 224">Matthew Lange. ''Antisemitic anticapitalism in German culture from 1850 to 1933''. University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2006. p. 224.</ref> -->
<ref name="matthews">Matthews, Claudio. ''Fascism Is Not Dead ...'', ''Nation's Business'', 1946.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="mb158-159">Mussolini, Benito; Schnapp, Jeffery Thompson (ed.); Sears, Olivia E. (ed.); Stampino, Maria G. (ed.). "Address to the National Corporative Council (14 November 1933) and Senate Speech on the Bill Establishing the Corporations (abridged; 13 January 1934)". ''A Primer of Italian Fascism''. (University of Nebraska Press, 2000) pp. 158–159.</ref> -->
<ref name="mb9">Blinkhorn, Martin, ''Mussolini and Fascist Italy''. 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge, 2003) p. 9.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="mcdonald">McDonald (1999) p. 27.</ref> -->
<ref name="milestonedocuments">Hoover, J. Edgar. ''[http://www.milestonedocuments.com/documents/full-text/j-edgar-hoovers-testimony-before-the-house-un-american-activities-committee/ Testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee]'', 1947.</ref>
<ref name="minneapolis">Neocleous, Mark, ''Fascism'' (Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota University Press, 1997) pp. 21–22.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="minneapolis90">Neocleous, Mark. Fascism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. p. 47.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="minneapolis93">Neocleous, Mark. Fascism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. p. 49.</ref> -->
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<ref name="mobilization">Mark Antliff. Avant-garde fascism: the mobilization of myth, art, and culture in France, 1909–1939. Duke University Press, 2007. p. 75.</ref>
-->
<ref name="mobilization21">Mark Antliff. Avant-garde fascism: the mobilization of myth, art, and culture in France, 1909–1939. Duke University Press, 2007. pp. 75–81.</ref>
<ref name="mobilization22">Mark Antliff. Avant-garde fascism: the mobilization of myth, art, and culture in France, 1909–1939. Duke University Press, 2007. p. 81.</ref>
<ref name="mobilization23">Mark Antliff. Avant-garde fascism: the mobilization of myth, art, and culture in France, 1909–1939. Duke University Press, 2007. p. 77.</ref>
<ref name="mobilization24">Mark Antliff. Avant-garde fascism: the mobilization of myth, art, and culture in France, 1909–1939. Duke University Press, 2007. p. 82.</ref>
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<ref name="msu">Allen, Ann Taylor, [http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=36061145897125 Review of Dagmar Herzog, Sex after Fascism: Memory and Morality in Twentieth-Century Germany] H-German, H-Net Reviews, January 2006</ref>
<ref name="multiculturalism">Douglas R. Holmes. Integral Europe: fast-capitalism, multiculturalism, neofascism. Princeton, New Jersey, US: Princeton University Press, 2000. p. 60.</ref>
<ref name="mussolini">Anthony L. Cardoza. ''Benito Mussolini: the first fascist''. Pearson Longman, 2006 p. 109.</ref>
<ref name="mussolini73">McDonald, Harmish, ''Mussolini and Italian Fascism'' (Nelson Thornes, 1999) p. 27.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="mussolini84">Patricia Knight, Mussolini and Fascism, Routledge (UK), ISBN 0-415-27921-6, p. 65</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="mussolini97">Benito Mussolini, Richard Washburn Child, Max Ascoli, Richard Lamb. ''My rise and fall''. Da Capo Press, 1998. p. 26.</ref> -->
<ref name="nationalism18">David Carroll. French Literary Fascism: Nationalism, Anti-Semitism, and the Ideology of Culture. p. 92.</ref>
<ref name="nationalism18">David Carroll. French Literary Fascism: Nationalism, Anti-Semitism, and the Ideology of Culture. p. 92.</ref>
<ref name="nationalism25">Gentile, Emilio, The Struggle for Modernity: Nationalism, Futurism, and Fascism (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 2003) p. 6.</ref>
<ref name="nationalism56">Oliver Zimmer, Nationalism in Europe, 1890–1940 (London, Palgrave, 2003), chapter 4, pp. 80–107.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="nationalist">Volovici, ''Nationalist Ideology'', p. 98, citing N. Cainic, ''Ortodoxie şi etnocraţie'', pp. 162–164.</ref> -->
<ref name="natureoffascismo">{{cite book |last=Griffin |first=Roger |title=The Nature of Fascism |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=0-312-07132-9 |year=1991}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name="neofascism">James A. Gregor, The Search for Neofascism: The Use and Abuse of Social Science, Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 7</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="nicholas">Miranda Carter. George, Nicholas and Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins and the Road to World War I. Borzoi Book, 2009. p. 420.</ref> -->
<ref name="nm54">Neocleous, Mark, ''Fascism'' (Minneapolis: [[University of Minnesota Press]], 1997) p. 54.</ref>
<ref name="nm54">Neocleous, Mark, ''Fascism'' (Minneapolis: [[University of Minnesota Press]], 1997) p. 58.</ref>
<ref name="Oliver H. Woshinsky 2008. p. 156">Oliver H. Woshinsky. ''Explaining Politics: Culture, Institutions, and Political Behavior''. Oxon, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2008. p. 156.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="organizations">de Grazia, Victoria. ''The Culture of Consent: Mass Organizations of Leisure in Fascist Italy.'' Cambridge, 1981.</ref> -->
<ref name="orwell1944">{{cite news|url=http://orwell.ru/library/articles/As_I_Please/english/efasc|publisher=Orwell.ru|title=George Orwell: 'What is Fascism?'|date=8 January 2008}}</ref>
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<ref name="Passmore">{{cite book |last=Passmore |first=Kevin |title=Fascism: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://books.google.com/?id=EQG0AAAACAAJ&dq=A+Very |isbn=0-19-280155-4 |year=2002}}</ref>
<ref name="passmore">Kevin Passmore, Women, Gender and Fascism in Europe, p. 116</ref>
<!-- <ref name="passmore72">Kevin Passmore ''Women, Gender and Fascism'', p. 16</ref> -->
<ref name="pauley">Pauley, 2003. 117–119.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="pauley100">Pauley, pp. 113–114</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="pauley3">Pauley, p. 113</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="pauley83">Pauley. 2003. pp. 72, 84.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="pauley86">Pauley. 2003. p. 85.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="pauley87">Pauley. 2003. p. 86.</ref> -->
<ref name="paynee">{{cite book|last = Payne|first =Stanley|title =A History of Fascism, 1914–45| publisher =[[University of Wisconsin Press]]| isbn =0-299-14874-2|year = 1995}}</ref>
<!-- Unused citation <ref name="pedaliu">[[Effie G. H. Pedaliu]] (2004) [http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/4141408?uid=3739008&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=47698766073667 Britain and the 'Hand-over' of Italian War Criminals to Yugoslavia, 1945–48.(JStor.org preview)], [[Journal of Contemporary History]]. Vol. 39, No. 4, Special Issue: Collective Memory, pp. 503–529</ref> -->
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<ref name="Peter Neville 2004. p. 36">Peter Neville. ''Mussolini''. Oxon, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2004. p. 36.</ref>
<ref name="pheonix">{{cite book |last=Gregor |first=A. James |title=Phoenix: Fascism in Our Time |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=0-7658-0855-2 |year=2002}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name="pm168">Philip Morgan, ''Fascism in Europe, 1919–1945'', Taylor & Francis, 2003, p. 168. ISBN 0-415-16943-7</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="political">David Baker, "The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?", ''New Political Economy'', Volume 11, Issue 2 June 2006 , pp. 227–250.</ref> -->
<ref name="practice">Renton, David. ''Fascism: Theory and Practice'', p. 21, London: Pluto Press, 1999.</ref>
<ref name="psg485">Payne, Stanley G. ''A History of Fascism, 1914–1945.'' Routledge, 1996. pp. 485–486.</ref>
<ref name="psychoanalysis">Bollas, Christopher, ''Being a Character: Psychoanalysis and Self-Experience'' (Routledge, 1993) ISBN 978-0-415-08815-2, p. 205.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="publishers">Jens Rydgren. ''Movements of exclusion: radical right-wing populism in the Western world''. Hauppauge, New York, USA: Nova Publishers, 2005. p. 6.</ref> -->
<ref name="publishing">McLaren, Angus, Twentieth-Century Sexuality p. 139 Blackwell Publishing 1999</ref>
<!-- <ref name="publishing88">Schachter, Gustav; Engelbourg, Saul. 2005. ''Cultural Continuity In Advanced Economies: Britain And The U.S. Versus Continental Europe.'' Published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. [http://books.google.com/books?id=4nQj2Ym7OuoC&pg=PA302 p. 302].</ref> -->
<ref name="quarantotto">Quarantotto, Claudio. ''Tutti Fascisti'', 1976.</ref>
<ref name="Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis">{{cite book |last=Proctor |first=Robert E. |title=Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] |year=1989 |page=[http://books.google.com/books?id=hogbxS2Gp1QC&pg=RA1-PA366 366] |isbn=0-674-74578-7 |oclc=20760638 |quote=This emendation allowed abortion only if the woman granted permission, and only if the fetus was not old enough to survive outside the womb. It is unclear if either of these qualifications was enforced.}}</ref>
<ref name="Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis71">{{cite book |last=Proctor |first=Robert E. |title=Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] |year=1989 |pages=122–123 |isbn=0-674-74578-7 |oclc=20760638 |quote=Abortion, in other words, could be allowed if it was in the interest of racial hygiene ... the Nazis did allow (and in some cases even required) abortions for women deemed racially inferior ... On November 10, 1938, a Luneberg court declared abortion legal for Jews.}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name="re208">Robert Eccleshall, Vincent Geoghegan, Richard Jay, Michael Kenny, Iain Mackenzie, Rick Wilford. ''Political Ideologies: an introduction''. 2nd ed. Routledge, 1994. p. 208.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="reconciling">Richard Allen Epstein, ''Principles for a Free Society: Reconciling Individual Liberty With the Common Good'', De Capo Press 2002, p. 168</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="rein">Rimlinger, G.V. "Social Policy Under German Fascism" in [http://books.google.com/books?id=2E24qf2_8hEC&dq Stagnation and Renewal in Social Policy: The Rise and Fall of Policy Regimes] by Martin Rein, Gosta Esping-Andersen, and Lee Rainwater, p. 61, M.E. Sharpe, 1987.</ref> -->
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<ref name="revolution">Sternhell, Zeev, Mario Sznajder and Maia Ashéri, ''The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution'' (Princeton University Press, 1994) p. 32.</ref>
<ref name="revolution1994">Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. ''The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution''. Princeton, New Jersey, US: Princeton University Press, 1994. p. 82.</ref>
<ref name="revolution26">Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. ''The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution''. Princeton University Press, 1994. pp. 173, 175.</ref>
<ref name="revolution27">Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. ''The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution''. Princeton University Press, 1994. p. 214.</ref>
<ref name="revolution28">Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. ''The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution''. Princeton University Press, 1994. p. 178.</ref>
<ref name="revolution34">Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. ''The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution''. Princeton University Press, 1994. p. 186.</ref>
<ref name="revolution35">Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. ''The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution''. Princeton University Press, 1994. p. 187.</ref>
<ref name="revolution38">Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. ''The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution''. Princeton University Press, 1994. p. 190.</ref>
<ref name="rg231">Roger Griffin, Matthew Feldman. Fascism: The nature of fascism. Routledge, 2004. p. 231.</ref>
<ref name="rop87">Robert O. Paxton. ''The Anatomy of Fascism''. New York, New York, US; Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Random House, Inc., 2005 p. 87.</ref>
<ref name="rop88">Robert O. Paxton. ''The Anatomy of Fascism''. New York, New York, US; Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Random House, Inc., 2005 p. 88.</ref>
<ref name="rop90">Robert O. Paxton. ''The Anatomy of Fascism''. New York, New York, US; Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Random House, Inc., 2005 p. 90.</ref>
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<ref name="routeledge">Mosse, G: "Toward a General Theory of Fascism", ''Fascism'', ed. Griffin (Routeledge) 2003</ref>
<ref name="routledge">Griffin, Roger and Matthew Feldman, eds., ''Fascism: Fascism and Culture'' (London and New York: Routledge, 2004) p. 185.</ref>
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<ref name="routledge13">Stanley G. Payne. ''A history of fascism, 1914–1945''. Digital printing edition. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 1995, 2005. p. 24.</ref>
<ref name="routledge14">Stanley G. Payne. ''A history of fascism, 1914–1945''. Digital printing edition. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 1995, 2005. p. 29.</ref>
<ref name="routledge15">Stanley G. Payne. ''A history of fascism, 1914–1945''. Digital printing edition. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 1995, 2005. pp. 24–25.</ref>
<ref name="routledge16">Stanley G. Payne. ''A history of fascism, 1914–1945''. Digital printing edition. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 1995, 2005. p. 25.</ref>
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<ref name="routledge42">Stanley G. Payne. ''A history of fascism, 1914–1945''. Digital printing edition. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 2005. p. 115.</ref>
<ref name="routledge43">Stanley G. Payne. ''A history of fascism, 1914–1945''. Digital printing edition. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 2005. pp. 119–120.</ref>
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<ref name="routledge46">Stanley G. Payne. ''A history of fascism, 1914–1945''. Digital Printing edition. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 2005. pp. 282–288.</ref>
<ref name="routledge47">Stanley G. Payne. ''A history of fascism, 1914–1945''. Digital Printing edition. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 2005. p. 145.</ref>
<ref name="routledge48">Stanley G. Payne, ''A History of Fascism: 1914–1945'', London: Routledge, 2001, pp. 341–342.</ref>
<ref name="routledge75">Durham, Martin, ''Women and Fascism'' (Routledge, 1998) p. 15.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="routledge81">''The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right'' (2002) by Peter Jonathan Davies and Derek Lynch, Routledge (UK), ISBN 0-415-21494-7 p. 143.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="routledge82">Payne, Stanley (1996). ''A History of Fascism''. Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-595-6 p.10</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="routledge91">Peter Davies, Derek Lynch. The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. Routledge, 2002. p. 103</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="Salvemini. p. 134">Salvemini. p. 134.</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="salvemini">Salvemini, Gaetano.Under the Axe of Fascism. READ BOOKS, 2006. p. 134.</ref> -->
<ref name="schmitt">Griffin, Roger (ed). 1995. "The Legal Basis of the Total State" – by Carl Schmitt. ''Fascism''. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 72.</ref>
<!-- <ref name="seigo">Griffin, Roger (ed). 1995. "The Need for a Totalitarian Japan" – by Nakano Seigo. ''Fascism''. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 239.</ref> -->
<ref name="sgp110">Stanley G. Payne. ''A history of fascism, 1914–1945''. Digital printing edition. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 2005. p. 110.</ref>
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<ref name="sociology">Turner, Stephen P., Käsler, Dirk: ''Sociology Responds to Fascism'', Routledge. 2004, p. 222</ref>
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<ref name="Sternhell, Zeev 1994 p. 78">Sternhell, Zeev, Mario Sznajder and Maia Ashéri, ''The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution'' (Princeton University Press, 1994) p. 78.</ref>
<ref name="Sternhell, Zeev 1998 p. 170">Sternhell, Zeev, "Crisis of Fin-de-siècle Thought" in Griffin, Roger, ed., ''International Fascism: Theories, Causes and the New Consensus'' (London and New York, 1998) p. 170.</ref>
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<ref name="university101">Hawkins, Mike. ''Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, 1860–1945: Nature as Model and Nature as Threat''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. p. 285. "Conflict is in fact the basic law of life in all social organisms, as it is of all biological ones; societies are formed, gain strength, and move forwards through conflict; the healthiest and most vital of them assert themselves against the weakest ans less well adapted through conflict; the natural evolution of nations and races takes place through conflict." Alfredo Rocco, Italian Fascist.</ref>
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<ref name="Zeev 1998 p. 171">Sternhell, Zeev, "Crisis of Fin-de-siècle Thought" in Griffin, Roger, ed., ''International Fascism: Theories, Causes and the New Consensus'' (London and New York, 1998) p. 171.</ref>
<ref name="ZeevSternhell">Sternhell, Zeev, Mario Sznajder and Maia Ashéri, ''The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution'' (Princeton University Press, 1994) p. 161.</ref>
<ref name="zs163">Sternhell, Zeev, Mario Sznajder and Maia Ashéri, ''The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution'' (Princeton University Press, 1994) p. 163.</ref>
<ref name="zs175">Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. ''The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution''. Princeton University Press, 1994. p. 175.</ref>
<ref name="zs189">Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. ''The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution''. Princeton University Press, 1994. p. 189.</ref>
<ref name="zs193">Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. ''The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution''. Princeton University Press, 1994. p. 193.</ref>
}}
===Panguna nga pagkukuhaan===
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Giovanni Gentile|Gentile, Giovanni]]. 1932. ''[[The Doctrine of Fascism]]''. [[Enciclopedia Italiana]].
* [[António de Oliveira Salazar|de Oliveira Salazar, António]]. 1939. ''Doctrine and Action: Internal and Foreign Policy of the New Portugal, 1928–1939.'' Faber and Faber.
* [[Oswald Mosley|Mosley, Sir Oswald]]. 1968. ''[[My Life (Sir Oswald Mosley autobiography)|My Life]]''. Nelson Publications.
* [[José Antonio Primo de Rivera|de Rivera, José Antonio Primo]]. 1971. ''Textos de Doctrina Politica''. Madrid.
* [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini, Benito]]. 1998. ''My Rise And Fall ''. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80864-1
* [[Galeazzo Ciano|Ciano, Galezzo]]. 2001. ''The Ciano Diaries, 1939–1943''. Simon Publications. ISBN 1-931313-74-1
* Mussolini, Benito. 2006. ''My Autobiography: With "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism"''. Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-44777-4
{{refend}}
===Segundarya nga pagkukuhaan===
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* Blamires, Cyprian. ''World fascism: a historical encyclopedia'', Volume 1. Santa Barbara, California, US: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2006.
* Costa Pinto, Antonio, ed. ''Rethinking the Nature of Fascism: Comparative Perspectives'' (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 287 pages
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* [[Dimitri Kitsikis|Kitsikis, Dimitri]]. 2005. ''Pour une étude scientifique du fascisme''. Ars Magna Editions. ISBN 2-912164-11-7.
* Kitsikis, Dimitri. 2006. ''Jean-Jacques Rousseau et les origines françaises du fascisme''. Ars Magna Editions. ISBN 2-912164-46-X.
* Ben-Am, Shlomo. 1983. [http://books.google.com/books?id=yvSEAAAAIAAJ ''Fascism from Above: The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain, 1923–1930'']. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822596-2
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* Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. 1988. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mT5DO_cVSfMC&dq=Popular+Autocracy+in+Greece,+1936-1941:+A+Political+Biography+of+General+Ioannis+Metaxas&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936–1941: A Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas]''. Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-4869-8
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* Golomb, Jacob; Wistrich, Robert S. 2002. ''Nietzsche, godfather of fascism?: on the uses and abuses of a philosophy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
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* [[Ernst Nolte|Nolte, Ernst]] ''The [[Three Faces of Fascism]]: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism'', translated from the German by Leila Vennewitz, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965.
* [[Wilhelm Reich|Reich, Wilhelm]]. 1970. ''The Mass Psychology of Fascism''. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
* {{Cite book
| last =Richman
| first =Sheldon
| author-link =Sheldon Richman
| title =Fascism
| publisher =[[Library of Economics and Liberty]]
| series =[[The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics]]
| year =2008
| edition =2nd
| url =http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Fascism.html
| isbn =978-0865976658
| oclc = 237794267}}
* [[George Seldes|Seldes, George]]. 1935. ''Sawdust Caesar: The Untold History of Mussolini and Fascism''. New York and London: Harper and Brothers.
* [[George Seldes|Seldes, George]]. 1943, reprinted 2009. ''Facts and Fascism''. New York: In Fact. ISBN 0-930852-43-5. p. 288.
* [[Alfred Sohn-Rethel|Sohn-Rethel, Alfred]] ''Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism'', London, CSE Bks, 1978 ISBN 0-906336-00-7
* Kallis, Aristotle A., "To Expand or Not to Expand? Territory, Generic Fascism and the Quest for an 'Ideal Fatherland'" ''Journal of Contemporary History'', Vol. 38, No. 2. (Apr., 2003), pp. 237–260.
* [[Peter Fritzsche|Fritzsche, Peter]]. 1990. ''Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505780-5
* [[Roger Griffin|Griffin, Roger]]. 2000. "Revolution from the Right: Fascism," chapter in David Parker (ed.) ''Revolutions and the Revolutionary Tradition in the West 1560–1991'', Routledge, London.
* [[Walter Laqueur|Laqueur, Walter]]. 1966. ''Fascism: Past, Present, Future,'' New York: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511793-X
* Sauer, Wolfgang "National Socialism: totalitarianism or fascism?" pages 404–424 from ''The American Historical Review'', Volume 73, Issue #2, December 1967. + -
* [[Zeev Sternhell|Sternhell, Zeev]] with [[Mario Sznajder]] and [[Maia Asheri]]. [1989] 1994. ''The Birth of Fascist Ideology, From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution.'', Trans. David Maisei. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. + Baker, David. "The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?" New Political Economy, Volume 11, Issue 2 June 2006, pp. 227–250
* Baker, David. "The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?" ''New Political Economy'', Volume 11, Issue 2 June 2006, pages 227 – 250
* Griffin, Roger. 1991. ''The Nature of Fascism''. New York: [[St. Martin's Press]].
* [[Eugen Weber|Weber, Eugen]]. [1964] 1985. ''Varieties of Fascism: Doctrines of Revolution in the Twentieth Century,'' New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, (Contains chapters on fascist movements in different countries.)
* [[Emilio Gentile|Gentile, Emilio]]. 2005. ''The Origins of Fascist Ideology, 1918–1925: The First Complete Study of the Origins of Italian Fascism,'' New York: Enigma Books, ISBN 978-1-929631-18-6
* [[Alexander J. De Grand|De Grand, Alexander J.]] Routledge, 2004. ''Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: the 'fascist' style of rule''
{{refend}}
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