Mahatma Gandhi

Mayda impormasyon hini nga artikulo nga aada han Iningles nga bersyon nga angay ighubad ha Winaray

Hi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (ha Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી; ginromanisar: mohandās karamcaṃd gāndhī, IPA nga kaluwas: /moːhənd̪aːs kərəmtʃənd̪ gaːnd̪ʱiː/) (Oktubre 2 1869 – Enero 30, 1948) usa nga nangunguna nga politikanhon ngan ispiritwal nga namuno ha India ngan han Indian Independence Movement. Hiya an ginsisiringa nga amay han India, ngan talagsa ginngangaranan nga "Bapu," nga buot sidngon "amay" ha Gujarati. Hiya an pionyero ngan naghimo nga hinpit han Satyagraha — pagsupil pinaagi hin mass civil disobedience o dako nga diri-pagtuod nga sibil nga nahatukod ha ahimsa (bug-os nga waray-biyolensya) amo an nagin usa han mga gimakusog nga pilosopiya han Indian Independence Movement, ngan naghatag hi pag-aghat ha mga dirudilain nga mga movimiento para hin mga katungod sibil ngan kagawasan ha bug-os nga kalibutan. Hi Gandhi kinikilala ngan tinatawag ha India ngan ha bug-os nga kalibutan nga Mahatma Gandhi (ha Hindi: महात्मा, / IPA nga kaluwas: məhatma /; tikang han Sanskrit, Mahatma: Harangdon nga Kalag) ngan Bapu (ha damo nga mga Indianhon nga mga yinaknan, Amay o Tatay).

Mahatma Gandhi
Natawo	2 Oktubre 1869(1869-10-02) Porbandar, Gujarat, British India
Namatay	30 Enero 1948 (edad 78) New Delhi, Dominion of India
Hinungdan han pagkamatay	Pagka-asasinar pinaagi hin pagkapusil
Lubnganan	Gin-cremate ha Rajghat, Delhi. 28.6415°N 77.2483°E / 28.6415; 77.2483
Nasyonalidad	Indian
Mga lain nga ngaran	Mahatma Gandhi, Bapu, Gandhiji
Alma mater	Samaldas College, Bhavnagar, Inner Temple, London
Nakilala han	Prominente nga tawo han kagiusan han paglugaring han Indya, nagpapahayag han pilosopiya han Satyagraha ngan Ahimsa nga nagpapasiugda hin waray-pagkabiyolente, pasipismo
Relihiyon	Hinduismo
(Mga) asawa	Kasturba Gandhi
Mga anak	Harilal Manilal Ramdas Devdas Anak nga namatay ha pagkabata
Mga kag-anak	Putlibai Gandhi (Iroy) Karamchand Gandhi (Amay)
Pirma

Mga reperensya

Mga barasahon

• Bhana, Surendra; Vahed, Goolam H. (2005). The making of a political reformer: Gandhi in South Africa, 1893–1914. Manohar. ISBN 978-81-7304-612-4. 
• Bondurant, Joan Valérie (1971). Conquest of violence: the Gandhian philosophy of conflict. University of California Press. GGKEY:NDWFBERN9B5. http://books.google.com/books?id=4hcf8jPrSKYC. Ginkuhà 7 February 2012. 
• Brown, Judith M. "Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand [Mahatma Gandhi] (1869–1948)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2011 accessed 25 Feb 2012
• Brown, Judith M. (25 October 1974). Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915-1922. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09873-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=HUo4AAAAIAAJ. Ginkuhà 25 February 2012. 
• Brown, Judith Margaret (23 October 1991). Gandhi: Prisoner of Hope. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05125-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=boDAE8MLAJMC. Ginkuhà 13 January 2012. 
• Brown, Judith M.; Parel, Anthony (21 February 2011). The Cambridge Companion to Gandhi. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-13345-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=KLM8kMZZu-IC. Ginkuhà 7 February 2012. 
• Chadha, Yogesh (1997). Gandhi: a life (Illustrated, reprint ed.). John Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-24378-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=vSduAAAAMAAJ. Ginkuhà 8 February 2012. 
• Harold G. Coward (2003). Indian critiques of Gandhi. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-5910-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=GGGudMuE4PIC. Ginkuhà 11 February 2012. 
• Desai, Mahadev Haribhai (1930). "Preface". Day-to-day with Gandhi: secretary's diary. Hemantkumar Nilkanth (translation). Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan. http://www.wikilivres.ca/wiki/Day_to_Day_with_Gandhi/Volume_1/Preface. Ginkuhà 16 January 2012. 
• Easwaran, Eknath (1 August 1997). Gandhi, the man: the story of his transformation. Nilgiri Press. ISBN 978-0-915132-96-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=v_hpUlMRjWsC. Ginkuhà 8 February 2012. 
• Fischer, Louis (4 August 1997). The life of Mahatma Gandhi. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-638887-6. https://archive.org/details/lifeofmahatmagan0000fisc_e1y3. 
• Gandhi, Rajmohan (2006). Gandhi: the man, his people, and the empire. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25570-8. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=FauJL7LKXmkC. Ginkuhà 7 February 2012. 
• Gangrade, K.D. (1 January 2004). "Role of Shanti Sainiks in the Global Race for Armaments". Moral Lessons From Gandhi S Autobiography And Other Essays. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-084-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=UODB6R_LmWsC. Ginkuhà 11 January 2012. 
• Hardiman, David (2003). Gandhi in his time and ours: the global legacy of his ideas. C. Hurst & Co.. ISBN 978-1-85065-711-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=UWYV5qYZ3-oC. Ginkuhà 8 February 2012. 
• Hatt, Christine (12 April 2002). Mahatma Gandhi. Evans Brothers. ISBN 978-0-237-52308-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=f6vvy-J7vhcC. Ginkuhà 26 February 2012. 
• Herman, Arthur (2008). Gandhi and Churchill: the epic rivalry that destroyed an empire and forged our age. Random House Digital, Inc.. ISBN 978-0-553-80463-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=tquxD6dk914C. Ginkuhà 11 February 2012. 
• Jai, Janak Raj (1996). Commissions and Omissions by Indian Prime Ministers: 1947-1980. Regency Publications. ISBN 978-81-86030-23-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=5Wrc1K0uJTgC. Ginkuhà 26 February 2012. 
• Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (28 February 2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 160. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=hZET2sSUVsgC. Ginkuhà 13 January 2012. 
• Kumar, Shanti (2006). Gandhi meets primetime: globalization and nationalism in Indian television. University of Illinois Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-252-07244-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=abPsWgqrmMMC&pg=PA170. Ginkuhà 14 January 2012. 

• Lapping, Brian (1 January 1989). End of empire. Paladin. ISBN 978-0-586-08870-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=xBsiAQAAIAAJ. Ginkuhà 16 January 2012. 
• Lelyveld, Joseph (29 March 2011). Great soul: Mahatma Gandhi and his struggle with India. Random House Digital, Inc.. ISBN 978-0-307-26958-4. 
• Majmudar, Uma (2005). Gandhi's pilgrimage of faith: from darkness to light. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-6405-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=xM4paHEq5oQC. Ginkuhà 12 January 2012. 
• Miller, Jake C. (2002). Prophets of a just society. Nova Publishers. ISBN 978-1-59033-068-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=uiBNJWqtiVcC. Ginkuhà 12 January 2012. 
• Nayyar, Pyarelal (1956). Mahatma Gandhi—the last phase, Vol 1. Navajivan Publishing House. ISBN 0-85283-112-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=E8wBAAAAMAAJ. Ginkuhà 16 January 2012. 
• Pāṇḍeya, Viśva Mohana (1 January 2003). Historiography of India's partition: an analysis of imperialist writings. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0314-6. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Vu2lu-ZI-vQC. Ginkuhà 8 February 2012. 
• Parekh, Bhikhu C. (2001). Gandhi: a very short introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 6–9. ISBN 978-0-19-285457-5. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=0chB4q7XeHcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Ginkuhà 17 January 2012. 
• Pilisuk, Marc; Nagler, Michael N. (2011). Peace Movements Worldwide: Players and practices in resistance to war. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-36482-2. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=GTJV2UcZVHcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Ginkuhà 21 January 2012. 
• Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I. (15 April 1983). Gandhi, the traditional roots of charisma. University of Chicago Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-226-73136-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=JsPYNLAU9KYC&pg=PA48. Ginkuhà 12 January 2012. 
• Rühe, Peter (5 October 2004). Gandhi. Phaidon. ISBN 978-0-7148-4459-6. 
• Schouten, Jan Peter (30 September 2008). Jesus as guru: the image of Christ among Hindus and Christians in India. Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-420-2443-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=pIoKdTH7KPsC. Ginkuhà 18 February 2012. 
• Sharp, Gene (1979). Gandhi as a political strategist: with essays on ethics and politics. P. Sargent Publishers. ISBN 978-0-87558-090-6. https://archive.org/details/gandhiaspolitica0000shar_n9g6. 
• Shashi, S. S. (1996). Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh. Anmol Publications. ISBN 978-81-7041-859-7. 
• Sofri, Gianni (1999). Gandhi and India: a century in focus. Windrush Press. ISBN 978-1-900624-12-1. https://archive.org/details/gandhiindiacentu0000sofr. 
• Sorokin, Pitirim Aleksandrovich (March 2002). The ways and power of love: types, factors, and techniques of moral transformation. Templeton Foundation Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-890151-86-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=DGCleCxTkbIC. Ginkuhà 12 January 2012. 
• Tendulkar, D. G. (1951). Mahatma; life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Delhi: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. http://books.google.com/books?id=LHJuAAAAMAAJ. 
• Thacker, Dhirubhai (1 January 2006). ""Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand" (entry)". In Amaresh Datta. The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Two) (Devraj To Jyoti). Sahitya Akademi. pp. 1345. ISBN 978-81-260-1194-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1345. Ginkuhà 14 January 2012. 
• Todd, Anne M. (2004). Mohandas Gandhi. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7910-7864-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=svxDMQZ7fakC. ; short biography for children

Panguna nga kuruhaan

• Andrews, C. F. (2008) [1930]. "VII – The Teaching of Ahimsa". Mahatma Gandhi's Ideas Including Selections from His Writings. Pierides Press. ISBN 978-1-4437-3309-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=3EAV6JhQmgkC. 
• Dalton, Dennis, ed. (1996). Mahatma Gandhi: selected political writings. Hackett Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87220-330-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=afqmUWX5yeoC. 
• Duncan, Ronald, ed. (May 2011). Selected Writings of Mahatma Gandhi. Literary Licensing, LLC. ISBN 978-1-258-00907-6. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=54615149. 
• Gandhi, M. K.; Fischer, Louis (2002). Louis Fischer. ed. The essential Gandhi: an anthology of his writings on his life, work and ideas. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-1-4000-3050-7. https://archive.org/details/essentialgandhia0000gand. 
• Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1928) (in Gujarati) (paperback). Satyagraha in South Africa (1 ed.). Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.20737. "Translated by Valji G. Desai"  Free online access at Wikilivres.ca (1/e) Archived 2012-07-19 at the Wayback Machine.. Pdfs from Gandhiserve (3/e) & Yann Forget (hosted by Arvind Gupta) (1/e).
• Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1994). The collected works of Mahatma Gandhi. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. ISBN 978-81-230-0239-2.  (100 volumes). Free online access from Gandhiserve.
• Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1940). An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments With Truth (2 ed.). Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House. ISBN 0-8070-5909-9.  Also available at Wikisource.
• Jack, Homer A., ed. (1994). The Gandhi reader: a source book of his life and writings. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-3161-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=pjN3jZQ74AoC. 
• Johnson, Richard L.; Gandhi, M. K. (2006). Gandhi's experiments with truth: essential writings by and about Mahatma Gandhi. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-1143-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=dRQcKsx-YgQC. 
• Parel, Anthony J., ed. (2009). Gandhi: 'Hind Swaraj' and Other Writings Centenary Edition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-14602-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=oc47gUOPZfcC. 

Mga websayt

• Keen, Shirin (Spring, 1998). "The Partition of India". Emory University. Ginkuhà 16 January 2012.
• Sannuti, Arun (6 April 2010). "Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869–1948) – Vegetarianism: The Road to Satyagraha". International Vegetarian Union (IVU). Ginkuhà 12 January 2012.
• Smith, Colleen (1 October 2006). "Mbeki: Mahatma Gandhi Satyagraha 100th Anniversary (01/10/2006)". Speeches. http://www.polity.org.za. Ginkuhà 20 January 2012.

Mga artikulo hin Journal

• Cribb, R. B. (1985). "The Early Political Philosophy of M. K. Gandhi, 1869-1893". Asian Profile. 13 (4): 353–360.
• Hardiman, David (April 2001). "Champaran and Gandhi: Planters, Peasants and Gandhian Politics by Jacques Pouchepadass (Review)". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 11 (1): 99–101. JSTOR 25188108.
• Khan, Yasmin (2011). "Performing Peace: Gandhi's assassination as a critical moment in the consolidation of the Nehruvian state" (abstract). Modern Asian Studies. 45 (1): 57–80. doi:10.1017/S0026749X10000223. Ginkuhà 21 January 2012.
• Mohanty, Rekha (2011). "From Satya to Sadbhavna" (PDF). Orissa Review (January 2011): 45–49. Ginkuhà 23 February 2012.
• Murali, Atlury (January 1985). "Non-Cooperation in Andhra in 1920–22: Nationalist Intelligentsia and the Mobilization of Peasantry". Indian Historical Review. 12 (1/2): 188–217. ISSN 0376-9836.
• Norvell, Lyn (1997). "Gandhi and the Indian Women's Movement". British Library Journal. 23 (1): 12–27. ISSN 0305-5167.
• Prashad, Ganesh (1966). "Whiggism in India". Political Science Quarterly. 81 (3): 412–431. JSTOR 2147642.
• Sarkar, Jayabrata (18 April 2006). "Power, Hegemony and Politics: Leadership Struggle in Congress in the 1930s". Modern Asian Studies. 40 (2): 333–370. doi:10.1017/S0026749X0600179X.
• Sarma, Bina Kumari (January 1994). "Gandhian Movement and Women's Awakening in Orissa". Indian Historical Review. 21 (1/2): 78–79. ISSN 0376-9836.
• Spodek, Howard (February 1971). "On the Origins of Gandhi's Political Methodology: The Heritage of Kathiawad and Gujarat". The Journal of Asian Studies. 30 (2): 361–372. JSTOR 2942919.

Mga sumat han notisya

• Ferrell, David (27 September 2001). "A Little Serenity in a City of Madness". Los Angeles Times. pp. B 2. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal (Abstract) han 24 July 2012. Ginkuhà 14 January 2012.
• Ramesh, Randeep (16 January 2008). "Gandhi's ashes to rest at sea, not in a museum". The Guardian. London. Ginkuhà 14 January 2012.
• Roberts, Andrew (26 March 2011). "Among the Hagiographers (A book review of "[[Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle With India]]" by [[Joseph Lelyveld]])". BookShelf. Wall Street Journal. Ginkuhà 14 January 2012.
• Unattributed (31 January 1948). "Of all faiths and races, together they shed their silent tears". The Indian Express. p. 5 (top centre). Ginkuhà 19 January 2012.
• Unattributed (1 February 1948). "Over a million get last darshan". The Indian Express. p. 1 (bottom left). Ginkuhà 19 January 2012.

Mga sumpay ha gawas

• Gandhi Smriti — Government of India website Archived 2007-07-12 at the Wayback Machine.
• Mani Bhavan Gandhi Sangrahalaya Gandhi Museum & Library
• Gandhi Research Foundation - One-Stop info on Gandhi