- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Taphorn, D.C. (1992) The characiform fishes of the Apure River drainage, Venezuela. BioLlania Edición Especial - No. 4., Monografias Cientificas del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, UNELLEZ -- Guanara, estado Portuguesa, Venezuela. 4:1-537.
- ↑ Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.) (1999) Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999., Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999.
- ↑ Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.) (1998) Catalog of fishes., Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p.
- ↑ Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari (1986) Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru., Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.) (2011). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Ginkuhà 24 Septyembre 2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ↑ FishBase. Froese R. & Pauly D. (eds), 14 Hunyo 2011
