- ↑ Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl (1995) Aquarien Atlas. Band 4., Mergus Verlag GmbH, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde, Melle, Germany. 864 p.
- ↑ Oyakawa, O.T. (1998) Catalogo dos tipos de peixes recentes do Museu de Zoologia da USP. I. Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)., Pap. Avuls. Zool. 39(23):443-507.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.) (2011). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Ginkuhà 24 Septyembre 2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ↑ FishBase. Froese R. & Pauly D. (eds), 14 Hunyo 2011