Hinindustani
An Hinindi-Inurdu (هندی اردو, हिंदी उर्दू) in uska Indo-Aryano nga pinulungan ngan yinaknan ha Amihanan nga Indyan ngan Pakistan. Ginkikilala gihap ini nga Hindi, Urdu, Hindustani (हिन्दुस्तानी, ہندوستانی, Hindustānī, Hindavi, and Rekhta.
| Hindustani | |
|---|---|
| Hindi-Urdu | |
| हिन्दुस्तानी • ہندوستانی | |
 | |
| Tuminongnong ha | India, Pakistan. Various countries through immigration. |
Tuminongnong nga mga nayakan |
unknown (240 million cited 1991–1997)[1] Second language: 165 million (1999)[2] |
Mga standard nga porma | |
| Mga diyalekto |
Khariboli (Dehlavi)
Kauravi
|
|
Perso-Arabic (Urdu alphabet) Devanagari (Hindi alphabet) Braille (Hindi Braille and Pakistani Urdu Braille ) Kaithi (historical) | |
|
Indian Signing System (ISS)[3] Signed Urdu | |
| Opisyal nga status | |
Opisyal nga pinulongan ha |
 India (as Hindi, Urdu) Pakistan (as Urdu) |
| Gin-reregulate han |
Central Hindi Directorate (Hindi, India),[4] National Language Authority, (Urdu, Pakistan); National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (Urdu, India)[5] |
| Mga kodigo hin pinulongan | |
| ISO 639-1 |
hi, ur |
| ISO 639-2 |
hin, urd |
| ISO 639-3 |
Either: hin – Standard Hindi urd – Urdu |
| Glottolog |
hind1270[6] |
| Linguasphere |
59-AAF-qa to -qf |
 Areas (red) where Hindustani (Khariboli/Kauravi) is the native language | |
 Areas where Hindi or Urdu is the official language
Provincial level Secondary provincial language National level | |
Pinanbasaran
igliwat- ↑ Standard Hindi: 180 million India (1991). Urdu: 48 million India (1997), 11 million Pakistan (1993). Ethnologue 16. (Ethnologue 17 figures for Hindi are not restricted to Standard Hindi.)
- ↑ 120 million Standard Hindi (1999), 45 million Urdu (1999). Ethnologue 16.
- ↑ "Punarbhava: Sign Language Interpreter Course". Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2016-11-15. Ginkuhà 2015-02-02.
- ↑ The Central Hindi Directorate regulates the use of Devanagari script and Hindi spelling in India. Source: Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction Ginhipos 2010-04-15 han Wayback Machine
- ↑ National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language
- ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert et al., eds. (2013). "Hindustani". Glottolog 2.2. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/hind1270.
Bibliograpiya
igliwat- Asher, R. E. (1994). Hindi. In Asher (Ed.) (pp. 1547–1549).
- Asher, R. E. (Ed.). (1994). The Encyclopedia of language and linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-035943-4.
- Bailey, Thomas G. (1950). Teach yourself Hindustani. London: English Universities Press.
- Chatterji, Suniti K. (1960). Indo-Aryan and Hindi (rev. 2nd ed.). Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay.
- Dua, Hans R. (1992). Hindi-Urdu as a pluricentric language. In M. G. Clyne (Ed.), Pluricentric languages: Differing norms in different nations. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-012855-1.
- Dua, Hans R. (1994a). Hindustani. In Asher (Ed.) (pp. 1554).
- Dua, Hans R. (1994b). Urdu. In Asher (Ed.) (pp. 4863–4864).
- Rai, Amrit. (1984). A house divided: The origin and development of Hindi-Hindustani. Delhi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-561643-X.
Padugang nga barasashon
igliwat- Henry Blochmann (1877). English and Urdu dictionary, romanized (8 ed.). CALCUTTA: Printed at the Baptist mission press for the Calcutta school-book society. pp. 215. http://books.google.com/books?id=xY8xAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Ginkuhà 2011-07-06.the University of Michigan
- John Dowson (1908). A grammar of the Urdū or Hindūstānī language (3 ed.). LONDON: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., ltd.. pp. 264. http://books.google.com/books?id=fClgAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Ginkuhà 2011-07-06.the University of Michigan
- John Dowson (1872). A grammar of the Urdū or Hindūstānī language. LONDON: Trübner & Co.. pp. 264. http://books.google.com/books?id=8U8IAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Ginkuhà 2011-07-06.Oxford University
- John Thompson Platts (1874). A grammar of the Hindūstānī or Urdū language. Volume 6423 of Harvard College Library preservation microfilm program. LONDON: W.H. Allen. pp. 399. http://books.google.com/books?id=cFIIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Ginkuhà 2011-07-06.Oxford University
- John Thompson Platts (1892). A grammar of the Hindūstānī or Urdū language. LONDON: W.H. Allen. pp. 399. http://books.google.com/books?id=JBoYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Ginkuhà 2011-07-06.the New York Public Library
- John Thompson Platts (1884). A dictionary of Urdū, classical Hindī, and English (reprint ed.). LONDON: H. Milford. pp. 1259. http://books.google.com/books?id=iDtbAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Ginkuhà 2011-07-06.Oxford University
- Shakespear, John. A Dictionary, Hindustani and English. 3rd ed., much enl. London: Printed for the author by J.L. Cox and Son: Sold by Parbury, Allen, & Co., 1834.
- Taylor, Joseph. A dictionary, Hindoostanee and English. Available at Hathi Trust. (A dictionary, Hindoostanee and English / abridged from the quarto edition of Major Joseph Taylor ; as edited by the late W. Hunter ; by William Carmichael Smyth.)
Mga sumpay ha gawas
igliwat- Hamari Boli (Hindustani) Ginhipos 2013-06-01 han Wayback Machine
- Khan Academy (Hindi-Urdu): academic lessons taught in Hindi-Urdu
- Janmaanas Ek Hindi Manch(Hindi Language Forum) Ginhipos 2016-05-03 han Wayback Machine
- Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th Edition: Hindostani Ginhipos 2016-03-03 han Wayback Machine
- Hindi, Urdu, Hindustani, khaRî bolî
- Hindustani FAQ
- Hindustani as an anxiety between Hindi–Urdu Commitment
- Hindi? Urdu? Hindustani? Hindi-Urdu? Ginhipos 2006-09-23 han Wayback Machine
- History of Hindustani
- Hindi/Urdu-English-Kalasha-Khowar-Nuristani-Pashtu Comparative Word List
- GRN Report for Hindustani
- Hindustani Poetry Ginhipos 2006-06-15 han Wayback Machine
- Hindustani online resources Ginhipos 2006-08-27 han Wayback Machine
- Biggest Hindustani-Indian poetry forum
Hindi-Urdu_phrasebook pagtugway hit paglakat tikang ha Wikivoyage