Charles Darwin

Hi Charles Robert Darwin (12 Pebrero 1809 – 19 Abril 1882) amo an usa ka Ingles nga naturalista syentipiko nga nagpahimatuod ngan naglatag hin mga kasarigan nga ngatanan nga kinabuhi nagtikang ha kapareho nga tinikangan (ebolusyon), pamaagi han tinatawag niya nga pagpili natural.

Charles Darwin
Darwin, edad 45 han tuig 1854, ha panahon han ginbubuhat niya pakadto han publikasyon han On the Origin of Species
Natawo	Charles Robert Darwin 12 Pebrero 1809(1809-02-12) The Mount, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, United Kingdom
Namatay	19 Abril 1882 (edad 73) Down House, Downe, Kent, United Kingdom
Taga	England
Bungtohanon	British
Nasodhanon	British
Mga larangan	Naturalist
Mga instituto	Geological Society of London
Alma mater	(tertiary education): University of Edinburgh (medicine) University of Cambridge (ordinary Bachelor of Arts)
Academic advisors	John Stevens Henslow Adam Sedgwick
Nakilala mahitungod han	The Voyage of the Beagle On the Origin of Species evolution by natural selection, common descent
Mga naimpluwensyahan	Alexander von Humboldt John Herschel Charles Lyell
Nakaimpluwensya	Joseph Dalton Hooker Thomas Henry Huxley George Romanes Ernst Haeckel Sir John Lubbock
Mga dagko nga pahidungog	Royal Medal (1853) Wollaston Medal (1859) Copley Medal (1864)
Asawa	Emma Darwin (1839-1896)
Pirma

Mga reperensya

• Anonymous (1882). "Obituary: Death Of Chas. Darwin". The New York Times (21 Abril 1882). Ginkuhà 30 Oktubre 2008.
• Balfour, J. H. (11 Mayo 1882). "Obituary Notice of Charles Robert Darwin". Transactions & Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh (14): 284–298.
• Bannister, Robert C. (1989). Social Darwinism: Science and Myth in Anglo-American Social Thought.. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 0-87722-566-4. 
• Bowler, Peter J. (2003). Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ed.). University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23693-9. https://archive.org/details/evolutionhistory0000bowl_n7y8. 
• Browne, E. Janet (1995). Charles Darwin: vol. 1 Voyaging. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 1-84413-314-1. 
• Browne, E. Janet (2002). Charles Darwin: vol. 2 The Power of Place. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-7126-6837-3. 
• Darwin, Charles (1835). Extracts from letters to Professor Henslow. Cambridge: [privately printed]. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 1 Nobyembre 2008. 
• Darwin, Charles (1837). Notebook B: (Transmutation of species). Darwin Online. CUL-DAR121. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR121.-&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 20 Disyembre 2008. 
• Darwin, Charles (1839). Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832–1836.. III. London: Henry Colburn. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.3&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 24 Oktubre 2008. 
• Darwin, Charles (1842). "Pencil Sketch of 1842". In Darwin, Francis. The foundations of The origin of species: Two essays written in 1842 and 1844.. Cambridge University Press. 1909. ISBN 0-548-79998-9. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1556&pageseq=33. 
• Darwin, Charles (1845). Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d edition. London: John Murray. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F20&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 24 Oktubre 2008. 
• Darwin, Charles; Wallace, Alfred Russel (1858). "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 3. 3 (9): 46–50. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1858.tb02500.x.
• Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1st ed.). London: John Murray. ISBN 1-4353-9386-4. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 24 Oktubre 2008. 
• Darwin, Charles (1868). The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. ISBN 1-4191-8660-4. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F880.1&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 1 Nobyembre 2008. 
• Darwin, Charles (1871). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1st ed.). London: John Murray. ISBN 0-8014-2085-7. http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_TheDescentofMan.html. Ginkuhà 24 Oktubre 2008. 
• Darwin, Charles (1872). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (6th ed.). London: John Murray. ISBN 1-4353-9386-4. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F391&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 1 Nobyembre 2009. 
• Darwin, Charles (1887). Darwin, Francis. ed. The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter. London: John Murray. ISBN 0-404-08417-6. http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html. Ginkuhà 4 Nobyembre 2008. 
• Darwin, Charles (1958). Barlow, Nora. ed. The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his granddaughter Nora Barlow. London: Collins. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=1&itemID=F1497&viewtype=text. Ginkuhà 28 Septyembre 2013. 
• Darwin, Charles (2006). "Journal". In van Wyhe, John. Darwin's personal 'Journal' (1809–1881). Darwin Online. CUL-DAR158.1–76. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR158.1-76&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 20 Disyembre 2008. 
• Desmond, Adrian; Moore, James (1991). Darwin. London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group. ISBN 0-7181-3430-3. https://archive.org/details/darwin0000desm. 
• Desmond, Adrian; Moore, James; Browne, Janet (2004). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7176. 
• Dobzhansky, Theodosius (Marso 1973). "Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution". The American Biology Teacher. 35 (3): 125–129. doi:10.2307/4444260.
• Eldredge, Niles (2006). "Confessions of a Darwinist". The Virginia Quarterly Review (Spring 2006): 32–53. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2013-12-24. Ginkuhà 4 Nobyembre 2008.
• FitzRoy, Robert (1839). Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, Volume II. London: Henry Colburn. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.2&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 4 Nobyembre 2008. 
• Freeman, R. B. (1977). The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist. Folkestone: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-208-01658-9. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=A1&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 4 Nobyembre 2008. 
• Freeman, R. B. (2007). Charles Darwin: A companion (2nd online ed.). The Complete Works of Charles Darwin Online. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=A27b&viewtype=text&pageseq=114. Ginkuhà 25 Disyembre 2014. 
• Herbert, Sandra (1980). "The red notebook of Charles Darwin". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series (7 (24 April)): 1–164. Ginkuhà 11 Enero 2009.
• Herbert, Sandra (1991). "Charles Darwin as a prospective geological author". British Journal for the History of Science. 24 (24): 159–192. doi:10.1017/S0007087400027060. Ginkuhà 24 Oktubre 2008.
• Keynes, Richard (2000). Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle.. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-46569-9. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1840&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 22 Nobyembre 2008. 
• Keynes, Richard (2001). Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23503-0. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1925&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Ginkuhà 24 Oktubre 2008. 
• Kotzin, Daniel (2004). "Point-Counterpoint: Social Darwinism". Columbia American History Online. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 19 Hulyo 2011. Ginkuhà 22 Nobyembre 2008.
• Larson, Edward J. (2004). Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory. Modern Library. ISBN 0-679-64288-9. https://archive.org/details/evolutionremarka00lars. 
• Leff, David (2000). "AboutDarwin.com" (2000–2008 ed.). Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 28 Agosto 2013. Ginkuhà 30 Disyembre 2008.
• Leifchild (19 Nobyembre 1859). "Review of 'Origin'". Athenaeum (1673). Ginkuhà 22 Nobyembre 2008.
• Miles, Sara Joan (2001). "Charles Darwin and Asa Gray Discuss Teleology and Design". Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith. 53: 196–201. Ginkuhà 22 Nobyembre 2008.
• Moore, James (2005). "Darwin – A 'Devil's Chaplain'?" (PDF). American Public Media. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal (PDF) han 27 Pebrero 2008. Ginkuhà 22 Nobyembre 2008.
• Moore, James (2006). "Evolution and Wonder – Understanding Charles Darwin". Speaking of Faith (Radio Program). American Public Media. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 22 Disyembre 2008. Ginkuhà 22 Nobyembre 2008.
• Owen, Richard (1840). Darwin, C. R.. ed. Fossil Mammalia Part 1. The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. London: Smith Elder and Co. 
• Paul, Diane B. (2003). "Darwin, social Darwinism and eugenics". In Hodge, Jonathan; Radick, Gregory. The Cambridge Companion to Darwin. Cambridge University Press. pp. 214–239. ISBN 0-521-77730-5. https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00hodg. 
• Smith, Charles H. (1999). "Alfred Russel Wallace on Spiritualism, Man, and Evolution: An Analytical Essay". Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2008-12-05. Ginkuhà 7 Disyembre 2008.
• Sulloway, Frank J. (1982). "Darwin and His Finches: The Evolution of a Legend" (PDF). Journal of the History of Biology. 15 (1): 1–53. doi:10.1007/BF00132004. Ginkuhà 9 Disyembre 2008.
• Sweet, William (2004). "Herbert Spencer". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ginkuhà 16 Disyembre 2008.
• Wilkins, John S. (1997). "Evolution and Philosophy: Does evolution make might right?". TalkOrigins Archive. Ginkuhà 22 Nobyembre 2008.
• Wilkins, John S. (2008). "Darwin". In Tucker, Aviezer. A Companion to the Philosophy of History and Historiography. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 405–415. ISBN 1-4051-4908-6. 
• van Wyhe, John (27 Marso 2007). "Mind the gap: Did Darwin avoid publishing his theory for many years?". Notes and Records of the Royal Society. 61 (2): 177–205. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171. Ginkuhà 7 Pebrero 2008.
• van Wyhe, John (2008). "Charles Darwin: gentleman naturalist: A biographical sketch". Darwin Online. Ginkuhà 17 Nobyembre 2008.
• van Wyhe, John (2008b). Darwin: The Story of the Man and His Theories of Evolution. London: Andre Deutsch Ltd (published 1 Septyembre 2008). ISBN 0-233-00251-0. 
• von Sydow, Momme (2005). "Darwin – A Christian Undermining Christianity? On Self-Undermining Dynamics of Ideas Between Belief and Science". In Knight, David M.; Eddy, Matthew D.. Science and Beliefs: From Natural Philosophy to Natural Science, 1700–1900. Burlington: Ashgate. pp. 141–156. ISBN 0-7546-3996-7. http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090326070105/http://www.psych.uni-goettingen.de/abt/1/sydow/von_Sydow_(2005)_Darwin_A_Christian_Undermining_Christianity.pdf. Ginkuhà 16 Disyembre 2008. 
• Yates, Simon (2003). "The Lady Hope Story: A Widespread Falsehood". TalkOrigins Archive. Ginkuhà 15 Disyembre 2006.

Mga sumpay ha gawas

• The Complete Works of Charles Darwin Online – Darwin Online; Darwin's publications, private papers and bibliography, supplementary works including biographies, obituaries and reviews
• Darwin Correspondence Project Full text and notes for complete correspondence to 1867, with summaries of all the rest
  • Darwin-Hooker letters, images and text jointly published at Cambridge Digital Library and Darwin Correspondence Project Ginhipos 11 Hulyo 2014 han Wayback Machine
• Works by Charles Darwin at Project Gutenberg; public domain
• Darwin Manuscript Project
• Works by Charles Darwin in audio format from LibriVox
• Video and radio clips Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
• Charles Darwin ngada ha Open Directory Project
• Works by or about Charles Darwin in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Archival material relating to Charles Darwin listed at the UK National Archives
• A Pictorial Biography of Charles Darwin Ginhipos 5 Hulyo 2014 han Wayback Machine
• Mis-portrayal of Darwin as a Racist
• Google Map of Charles Darwin’s Voyage of the Beagle 1832-1836 Ginhipos 25 Enero 2015 han Wayback Machine
• Darwin's Volcano – a short video discussing Darwin and Agassiz' coral reef formation debate
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Darwin, Charles Robert" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• The life and times of Charles Darwin, an audio slideshow, The Guardian, Thursday 12 February 2009, (3 min 20 sec).
• Darwin's Brave New World – A 3 part drama-documentary exploring Charles Darwin and the significant contributions of his colleagues Joseph Hooker, Thomas Huxley and Alfred Russel Wallace also featuring interviews with Richard Dawkins, David Suzuki, Jared Diamond
• A naturalist's voyage around the world Account of the Beagle voyage using animation, in English from Centre national de la recherche scientifique
• Anonymous (1873). Cartoon portraits and biographical sketches of men of the day. Illustrated by Waddy, Frederick. London: Tinsley Brothers. pp. 6–7. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cartoon_portraits_and_biographical_sketches_of_men_of_the_day/C._R._Darwin,_F.R.S.. Ginkuhà 28 Disyembre 2010. 
• View books owned and annotated by Charles Darwin at the online Biodiversity Heritage Library.
• Digitised Darwin Manuscripts in Cambridge Digital Library