↑Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
↑Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
↑Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. (1999) , The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals
↑Rice, Dale W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution, Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4
↑Mead, James G., and Robert L. Brownell, Jr. / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Order Cetacea, Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 1
↑Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
↑Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
↑ (2001) , website, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Program